Research progress of thermal protection technique by activemass injection for hypersonic vehicle
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摘要: 质量引射式热防护是解决未来长时间高超声速飞行器热防护问题的重要方案之一。本文介绍了发汗冷却、气膜冷却、逆向射流三种典型的主动质量引射热防护技术的作用机理，从冷却剂注入方式、流场特征及冷却效率三个方面比较了三种方案的特点。从应用的角度分析了三种方案现阶段的局限性，介绍了几种能够弥补各自缺陷的组合方案。最后从多场耦合分析方法、引射结构设计及优化、热防护系统的优化及效能评估三个方面对质量引射热防护的进一步发展提出展望。Abstract: Thermal protection through mass injection is a high-efficiency and active thermal protection technique, which cooling the structure by injecting the stored coolant into the flow-field. The coolant not only absorbs the heats but also effects the flow structure and insulates the heats. The mass injection methods can be used in high heat flux, long-time flying conditions, which is one of the most potential cooling techniques for long-time hypersonic vehicles. The transpiration, film cooling and opposing jet are the typical mass injection techniques for thermal protection of hypersonic vehicles. In this paper, the cooling mechanism of three typical mass injection techniques is introduced. The mode of injection, the characteristics of flow field and the cooling efficiency of three techniques are compared. Therefore, the shortcomings of three techniques are analyzed which prevent them from applying to the vehicles. Several combinational schemes of mass injection techniques for each shortcoming are recommended. Finally, three expectations for further development of the mass injection techniques are proposed. The fluid-thermal-structural coupling method, design and optimization for injection structures and effectiveness evaluation for thermal protection system of the mass injection thermal protection techniques should be developed in future.
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Key words:
- thermal protection /
- mass injection /
- transpiration /
- film cooling /
- opposing jet
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图 11 三种热防护方式对比
Figure 11. Comparisons of three typical mass injection in mode of injection and characteristics of flow field
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