Abstract: Transonic buffet constitutes one of the critical issues for aircraft operating in high-subsonic and transonic regimes, imposing severe limitations on their performance and flight safety. This paper presents a focused review of recent advancements in this field, encompassing numerical simulation methodologies, buffet mechanisms, wind tunnel testing, buffet control strategies, and engineering applications. Key technologies across these domains are systematically outlined, and essential research priorities are identified in response to aircraft design requirements. The review begins with a concise introduction to simulation methods for transonic buffet, providing a comparative analysis of the similarities and differences in buffet mechanisms and analytical approaches between rigid and elastic wings. Subsequently, it offers a detailed summary of progress in wind tunnel experimental research, covering criteria for buffet onset determination and related measurement techniques. Finally, key technologies and representative engineering cases for buffet control are critically examined. Building on this foundation, the paper proposes several promising directions for future research. These include analysis methods for buffet computation and mechanisms incorporating fluid-structure interaction for commercial aircraft, visualization techniques for buffet experiments coupled with multi-physical parameter measurements, multidisciplinary configuration design optimized for buffet mitigation, engineering implementation of novel control methods, and the application of intelligent methodologies in buffet analysis and control. This paper aims to serve as a reference for further research and practical application of transonic buffet control technologies across diverse aircraft platforms.