汽车风洞车轮转动单元诱导风阻误差及修正的实验与数值研究

Experimental and numerical study on the indued drag error of wheel spin unit and its correction in automotive wind tunnel

  • 摘要: 现代汽车风洞用车轮转动单元模拟车轮旋转,然而有限尺寸的皮带难免扰动局部流场,引起诱导风阻,导致测量误差。本文在上海地面交通工具风洞中心气动声学风洞中对空风洞中的车轮转动单元进行实验,分析车轮转动单元地面开孔及皮带运动对压力场的扰动,并采用稳态雷诺平均纳维斯托克斯(Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes, RANS)方法对实验结果进行了验证。结果表明:诱导风阻测量误差主要来自车轮转动单元设备皮带的前后缘压差,加装扰流装置能够在一定程度上减弱流场扰动,降低约30%诱导风阻误差。数值模拟结果显示加装扰流装置减阻效果可达30.9%,这证明了该措施可降低车轮转动单元对流场扰动、修正风阻测量误差。

     

    Abstract: In modern automotive wind tunnels, wheel spin units (WSU) are used to simulate rotating wheels, but their finite-sized moving belts inevitably disturb the local flow, creating induced drag and resulting in measurement error. This study experimentally investigates the pressure field disturbance caused by the ground opening and moving belt of an isolated WSU in the aeroacoustic wind tunnel at the Shanghai Automotive Wind Tunnel Center. The experimental data are verified using steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations. Results show that the primary source of induced drag error is the pressure difference between the leading and trailing edges of the moving belt. Installing a flow control device is shown to attenuate the flow disturbance, reducing the induced drag error by approximately 30%. Numerical simulations confirm the effectiveness of this measure, predicting a drag reduction of 30.9%. This work demonstrates that such a device can mitigate WSU-induced flow field perturbations and improve the accuracy of aerodynamic drag measurements in wind tunnel testing.

     

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