基于CFD仿真的漂浮式风力机尾流模型研究

Modeling of floating turbine wake based on CFD simulation

  • 摘要: 针对漂浮式风力机复杂运动导致的尾流预测难题,本文建立了基于改进致动盘模型的高精度CFD数值仿真模型。首先,通过建立精准识别多运动状态下体积力的UDF(user defined fuction)程序,系统对比6种仿真方法并经风洞试验验证,提出结合改进致动盘模型和Realizable k-ε模型的优化方案,精准捕获了风力机尾流速度与湍流强度分布特性。基于对80种单一运动工况的敏感性分析揭示,来流湍流与推力系数对尾流的影响显著大于运动参数,运动周期影响基本可忽略,其中纵摇、纵荡及横摇为主导运动形式。据此提出一种Jensen-Gaussian型尾流模型,其平均预测误差仅2.0%,较传统Jensen与BPA尾流模型误差降低3.8%~6.6%。针对多种耦合运动工况,通过对比5种尾流叠加模型,确立了最优耦合运动尾流预测方法,实现了多运动协同作用下的高效精准仿真。本研究为深远海风电场布局优化与运行控制提供了高精度、低成本的尾流预测工具链。

     

    Abstract: To address the challenge of predicting wake flow caused by the complex motion of floating wind turbines, this paper establishes a high-precision CFD numerical simulation model based on an improved actuator disk model. First, by developing a UDF program that accurately identifies body forces under multiple motion states, the paper systematically compares six simulation methods and validates them through wind tunnel tests. Then, we proposes an optimized solution combining the improved actuator disk model and the Realizable k-ε model, accurately capturing the velocity and turbulence intensity distribution characteristics of the turbine wake flow. Sensitivity analysis based on 80 single motion conditions reveals that the influence of incoming turbulence and thrust coefficient on the wake is significantly greater than that of motion parameters, while the impact of motion cycle is negligible. Among these, pitch, roll, and yaw are the dominant motion forms. Based on this, a Jensen-Gaussian-type wake model is proposed, with an average prediction error of only 2.0%, reducing errors by 3.8% to 6.6% compared to traditional Jensen and BPA wake models. For multiple coupled motion conditions, by comparing five wake super position models, the optimal coupled motion wake prediction method is established, achieving efficient and precise simulation under the synergistic effects of multiple motions. This study provides a high-precision, low-cost wake prediction toolchain for optimizing the layout and operational control of offshore wind farms in deep-sea environments.

     

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