飞行器流向拐角流动研究进展及挑战

Research progress and challenges in streamwise corner flows of aircraft

  • 摘要: 流向拐角结构广泛存在于飞行器的部件结合处、发动机叶片根部及进气道方腔等几何复杂区域,其引发的复杂流动直接影响气动性能。湍流经过流向拐角时,以Prandtl的第二类二次流动为主要特征,同时常伴随转捩、分离、曲壁面效应等复杂流动机理。虽然这些流动与主流速度相比较弱,但对湍流统计特性有着重大而深远的影响。随着远程宽体客机和高速飞行器等性能指标的不断提升,对流向拐角流动等关键气动问题的研究愈加迫切。基于此,本文系统总结了近年来该领域在理论、实验和计算三大研究手段上的研究进展。重点梳理了二次流的形成与演化机理、拐角诱导的转捩过程,并深入分析了翼身结合处、方管及叶栅等典型构型的实验发现。在计算方法上,本文不仅总结了基于二次本构关系的涡黏模型的改进,还分析了雷诺应力模型(RSM)包括作者团队发展的转捩RSM模型在高精度求解中的优势与挑战。最后指出,复杂构型下的高可信度预测仍是瓶颈,未来应大力发展基于机器学习的湍流建模、高精度光学实验测量,并加强对拐角转捩及各向异性机制的研究,以期为飞行器精细化设计提供支撑。

     

    Abstract: Streamwise corner structures are widely present in geometrically complex regions of aircraft, such as component junctions, engine blade roots, and inlet rectangular cavities, and the complex flows induced by them directly affect aerodynamic performance. When turbulence passes through streamwise corners, it is primarily characterized by Prandtl's secondary flow of the second kind, often accompanied by complex flow mechanisms including transition, separation, and curved-wall effects. Although these motions are weak compared to the streamwise velocity, they have significant and profound effects on turbulence statistics. With the continuous improvement in performance requirements for long-range wide-body aircraft and high-speed vehicles, research on key aerodynamic issues such as streamwise corner flows has become increasingly urgent. Based on this, this paper systematically summarized recent research progress in this field from theoretical, experimental, and computational perspectives. It focused on the formation and evolution mechanisms of secondary flow, the corner-induced transition process, and provided an in-depth analysis of experimental findings from typical configurations such as wing-body junctions, square ducts, and cascades. In terms of computational methods, this paper not only summarized the improvements of eddy-viscosity models based on quadratic constitutive relations, but also analyzed the Reynolds stress model (RSM) including the transitional RSM developed by the authors' team, highlighting their advantages and challenges in high-order simulations. Finally, it is pointed out that high-fidelity prediction under complex configurations remains a bottleneck. Future efforts should focus on the development of turbulence modeling based on machine learning, high-precision optical experimental measurements, and further research on corner transition and anisotropy mechanisms, aiming to provide support for refined aircraft design.

     

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