基于序列凸优化的动态滑翔分段轨迹规划研究

Segmented trajectory planning of dynamic gliding based on sequential convex optimization

  • 摘要: 动态滑翔技术是提升无人机续航能力的关键途径之一,但现有研究忽略了高空侧滑影响,轨迹规划框架适配性弱、在线求解效率低,难以兼顾精度与实时性。针对高空大侧风环境,本文通过构建侧滑修正动力学模型,引入侧滑效应与推力补偿,精准刻画高空风场下无人机真实受力特性;设计了“离线预规划—在线基准生成—实时修正”三阶段分层规划框架,以适配风场动态变化,解决在线快速规划难题;并提出分段序列凸优化方法,将轨迹按动态滑翔特征分段并转化为二次规划,实现快速迭代求解。仿真结果表明:相较传统高斯伪谱法,本文方法单次求解耗时由130.3 s降至0.88 s;相较定高无滑翔轨迹,能量输出降低17.9%,显著提升了无人机能量利用效率。

     

    Abstract: Dynamic soaring technology is one of the critical approaches to improving the endurance performance of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Nevertheless, existing studies neglect the impacts of high-altitude sideslip, resulting in poor adaptability of trajectory planning frameworks and low efficiency in online solution, which makes it difficult to balance accuracy and real-time performance.Aiming at high-altitude environments with strong crosswinds, this paper established a sideslip-corrected dynamic model by introducing sideslip effects and thrust compensation to accurately characterize the real force characteristics of UAVs under high-altitude wind fields. A three-stage hierarchical planning framework consisting of offline pre-planning, online reference trajectory generation, and real-time correction was designed to adapt to dynamic wind-field variations and address the challenge of rapid online trajectory planning. Furthermore, a segmented sequential convex optimization method was proposed, which segments trajectories according to dynamic soaring features and transforms them into quadratic programming problems for fast iterative solution. Simulation results show that compared with the traditional Gauss pseudospectral method, the single-run solution time of the proposed method is reduced from 130.3 s to 0.88 s. In contrast to the constant-altitude non-soaring trajectory, the energy output is decreased by 17.9%, which significantly improves the energy utilization efficiency of UAVs.

     

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