双旋翼相位相干主动降噪试验研究

The experiment on phase coherence active noise control of dual-rotor

  • 摘要: 随着“低空经济”的发展,多旋翼飞行器噪声问题日益严重,理论研究表明,基于相位相干的主动降噪技术是降低多旋翼飞行器噪声水平的一种新颖技术。本文通过试验手段,采用远场麦克风测量两个旋翼之间不同相角差和不同安装距离及其组合对双旋翼噪声的影响。试验结果表明:双旋翼的1BPF 噪声指向性图为四波瓣形状,且随着相角差的增加,波瓣整体在极坐标图中发生相应的逆时针转动,说明相角差能够调控双旋翼单音噪声的空间辐射方向。不同相角差对特定观测点处的噪声有着显著的控制效果。主动降噪使得双旋翼的单音噪声显著降低,1BPF噪声最大可降低10.27 dB,总声压级(OASPL)可降低2.95 dB。进一步研究了旋翼安装间距对相位相干主动降噪规律的影响。结果表明当安装间距降低为2.2 R且相角差为45°时,1BPF噪声值可降低10.7 dB,OASPL可降低2.37 dB,因此合理设计旋翼之间的相角差和安装间距,能够有效降低预期观测点的噪声。本文从试验角度验证了双旋翼相位相干主动降噪方法的可行性,揭示了相角差及其与安装间距耦合作用对噪声指向性和降噪效果的影响,可为多旋翼飞行器低噪声布局设计提供试验依据。

     

    Abstract: With the rapid development of the low-altitude economy, noise emissions from multirotor aircraft have become an increasingly prominent issue. Theoretical studies have indicated that phase-coherent active noise reduction represents a novel approach for reducing the acoustic signature of multirotor aircraft. In this study, an experimental investigation was conducted to examine the effects of phase-angle difference, inter-rotor spacing, and their combined configurations on the noise characteristics of a dual-rotor system. Far-field microphones were used to measure the acoustic responses under different operating conditions. The results show that the directivity pattern of the 1BPF noise of the dual-rotor system exhibits a four-lobed structure. As the phase-angle difference increases, the lobes rotate counterclockwise in the polar directivity map, indicating that the phase-angle difference can regulate the spatial radiation direction of the tonal noise generated by the dual rotors. Different phase-angle differences produce significant noise control effects at specific observation points. The active noise reduction strategy substantially decreases the tonal noise of the dual-rotor system, with a maximum reduction of 10.27 dB in the 1BPF noise and 2.95 dB in the overall sound pressure level (OASPL). The influence of inter-rotor spacing on phase-coherent active noise reduction was further investigated. The results demonstrate that when the inter-rotor spacing is reduced to 2.2R and the phase-angle difference is set to 45°, the 1BPF noise can be reduced by 10.7 dB, while the OASPL can be reduced by 2.37 dB. Therefore, rational design of the phase-angle difference and inter-rotor spacing can effectively reduce the noise level at prescribed observation points. This study experimentally validates the feasibility of phase-coherent active noise reduction for dual-rotor systems and reveals the effects of phase-angle difference and its coupling with inter-rotor spacing on noise directivity and noise reduction performance. The findings provide experimental evidence for the low-noise layout design of multirotor aircraft.

     

/

返回文章
返回