跨流域流动统一随机粒子USP方法的高性能计算

High-performance computing of the unified stochastic particle method for multi-scale flows

  • 摘要: 跨流域流动广泛存在于行星再入等极端飞行环境,其多尺度特性对传统数值方法提出了严峻挑战。为克服传统CFD和DSMC方法在跨流域模拟中物理模型适用性受限及计算效率不足的瓶颈,近年来国内外学者基于动理学模型发展了多种多尺度计算方法。其中,统一随机粒子(unified stochastic particle, USP)方法通过碰撞项的宏观-微观分解以及运动-碰撞耦合求解,突破了DSMC方法在连续流域受到的时空步长限制,显著提升了传统随机粒子方法的计算精度与效率。本文基于多原子混合气体的USP方法,发展了统一随机粒子求解器UniPS(unified particle solver),并将其应用于三维跨流域高速流动的数值模拟。该求解器采用非结构网格与MPI/OpenMP混合并行架构,针对粒子算法特征对运动与碰撞等核心模块实施了并行与内存优化。通过对三维钝锥及喷管真空羽流两类典型算例的数值验证,结果表明UniPS求解器在跨流域范围内均具有良好的计算精度与并行效率,可有效支撑高速跨流域流动的高效数值模拟。

     

    Abstract: Multi-scale flows are prevalent in extreme flight environments such as planetary reentry, and their inherently multi-scale nature poses severe challenges to traditional numerical methods. To overcome the limitations of conventional CFD and DSMC methods in cross-regime simulations, specifically the breakdown of the continuum model in the rarefied regime and the severe time-step restriction of particle methods in the continuum regime, various multi-scale numerical methods based on kinetic models were developed in recent years. Among these, the Unified Stochastic Particle (USP) method decomposes the collision term into macroscopic and microscopic parts and solves the transport and collision processes in a coupled manner, thereby circumventing the restrictive temporal and spatial step constraints of the DSMC method and significantly enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of stochastic particle approaches. In this work, the USP method was extend to polyatomic gas mixtures, and the Unified Particle Solver (UniPS) was developed and applied to the numerical simulation of three-dimensional hypersonic multi-scale flows. The solver employed unstructured meshes and a hybrid MPI/OpenMP parallel architecture, with parallelization and memory optimizations implemented for core modules such as particle transport and collision. Numerical validations on two test cases, i.e., a three-dimensional blunt cone and a nozzle vacuum plume, demonstrate that the UniPS solver achieves favorable computational accuracy and parallel efficiency across flow regimes, effectively supporting the numerical simulation of hypersonic multi-scale flows.

     

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