潜艇指挥塔绕流主动控制数值模拟研究

Numerical simulation of active flow control around a submarine sail

  • 摘要: 指挥塔围壳诱导的复杂涡结构对其自身阻力会造成不利影响,本研究采用改进延迟脱体涡模拟(improved delayed detached eddy simulation, IDDES)方法,在高雷诺数( Re = 1.1 \times 10^6)下,系统评估了在围壳固定端或自由端单独使用及多位置组合使用吹/吸水控制的节能减阻效果,并根据表面压力和流动结构变化情况揭示流动物理及控制机理。研究表明:在单独控制工况下,自由端吸水(S1吸水)通过主动抽走壁面流体,加速狭缝周边流动并形成局部负压,实现5.8%的减阻率,但净节能为−54.8%,固定端吸水(S2吸水)主要通过削弱局部回流实现2.0%的减阻率,净节能为−59.2%;相比之下,固定端吹水(S2吹水)和自由端吹水(S1吹水)通过高速射流诱导局部低压,减阻率分别达到24.7%和34.8%,对应净节能分别为−13.8%和1.3%。其中S1吹水可有效降低自由端梢涡的流向涡强度,S2吹水则降低基底涡强度。S1吹水工况同时获得了较高的减阻率和正净节能收益,表现出最佳的综合能效。进一步采用S1与S2同步吹水的组合控制后,减阻率提高至55.1%,其中压差阻力降低66.62%;同时,自由端面压力系数与摩擦系数均降低,梢涡流向环量加速衰减,尾流区域整体涡量进一步减弱。然而,由于组合控制需要额外的吹水能量,其净节能率为−11.9%。单独S1吹水更适用于兼顾减阻与能量利用效率的工况,而组合吹水控制则在牺牲一定综合能效的情况下获得最大减阻效果,更适用于对阻力降低具有更高需求的运行工况。

     

    Abstract: The complex vortex structures induced by a submarine sail have adverse effects on its own drag. To address this issue, at a high Reynolds number of Re=1.1×106, this study adopts the improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES) method to systematically evaluate the energy-saving and drag-reduction effects of blowing/suction control. The control is applied individually at the fixed end or the free end of the sail, and also in multi-position combinations. The flow physics and control mechanisms are revealed based on changes in surface pressure and flow structures. The results show that, under individual control conditions, free-end suction (S1 suction) actively removes near-wall fluid. It accelerates the flow around the slit and forms a local negative pressure. A drag-reduction rate of 5.8% is achieved, but the net energy saving is −54.8%. Fixed-end suction (S2 suction) mainly weakens the local recirculation. It achieves a drag-reduction rate of 2.0%, and the net energy saving is −59.2%. In contrast, fixed-end blowing (S2 blowing) and free-end blowing (S1 blowing) induce local low pressure through high-speed jets. Their drag-reduction rates reach 24.7% and 34.8%, respectively. Their corresponding net energy savings are −13.8% and 1.3%, respectively. Among them, S1 blowing can effectively reduce the streamwise vorticity intensity of the free-end tip vortex, while S2 blowing reduces the intensity of the base vortex. The S1 blowing case simultaneously obtains a relatively high drag-reduction rate and a positive net energy-saving benefit. It exhibits the best overall energy efficiency. With the further adoption of combined control of synchronous S1 and S2 blowing, the drag-reduction rate increases to 55.1%. The pressure drag is reduced by 66.62%. At the same time, both the pressure coefficient and the friction coefficient on the free-end surface decrease. The streamwise circulation of the tip vortex decays more rapidly. The overall vorticity in the wake region is further weakened. However, because the combined control requires additional blowing energy, its net energy-saving rate is −11.9%. Individual S1 blowing is more suitable for operating conditions that balance drag reduction and energy utilization efficiency. Combined blowing control obtains the maximum drag-reduction effect at the cost of a certain overall energy efficiency. It is more suitable for operating conditions with a higher demand for drag reduction.

     

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