飞翼布局嵌入式阻力舵位置参数对舵效的影响

The influence of position parameters of embedded drag rudders in flying-wing configuration on rudder efficiency

  • 摘要: 飞翼布局具有优越的气动和隐身性能,但无垂尾设计导致其航向控制困难,嵌入式阻力舵通过产生不对称阻力,能够为飞翼布局提供显著的偏航控制力矩。针对自主设计的中等展弦比(4.58)飞翼布局,采用数值模拟手段,在Ma = 0.6、Re = 7.0×106来流条件下开展阻力舵(偏转20°)的展向、弦向、法向位置参数对舵效、三轴力矩耦合效应影响研究,分析阻力舵不同位置参数时的航向控制效果和流动机理。研究结果表明,展向上,阻力舵越靠近机身对称面,机翼表面压力扰动区域的展向范围越大,不对称阻力越明显;弦向上,阻力舵越靠近机翼前缘,压力扰动区域的弦向范围越大,不对称阻力越明显,航向控制效果越强;法向上,不同位置的阻力舵产生的不对称阻力相当,但舵面距离机翼表面越远,其后方的分离涡起始点越靠近机翼后缘,导致侧向力差量增大,航向控制效果增强。相同舵容量条件下,不同展向、弦向、法向位置阻力舵产生的航向控制效率最大差异分别约20%、200%和10%。在相同的三轴力矩耦合效应代价下,展向靠近翼梢、弦向靠近前缘、法向留有一定距离的阻力舵,可获得更强的航向控制能力。该研究可为中等展弦比飞翼布局飞行器航向控制方案设计提供一定的理论和技术参考。

     

    Abstract: The flying-wing configuration boasts superior aerodynamic and stealth performance, yet the tailless design poses significant challenges to yaw control. The embedded drag rudder, by generating asymmetric drag, can provide a substantial yaw control moment for flying-wing aircraft. For an independently designed flying-wing configuration with a medium aspect ratio (4.58), numerical simulation was employed to investigate the effects of spanwise, chordwise, and normal position parameters of the drag rudder (deflected by 20°) on rudder efficiency and three-axis moment coupling effects under the inflow conditions of Mach number Ma = 0.6 and Reynolds number Re = 7.0×106. The yaw control effectiveness and flow mechanism at different position parameters of the drag rudder were analyzed. The research results indicate that, in the spanwise direction, the closer the drag rudder is to the fuselage symmetry plane, the larger the spanwise extent of the pressure disturbance region on the wing surface, leading to more pronounced asymmetric drag. In the chordwise direction, the closer the drag rudder is to the wing leading edge, the larger the chordwise extent of the pressure disturbance region, resulting in more significant asymmetric drag and enhanced yaw control effectiveness. In the normal direction, the asymmetric drag generated by drag rudders at different positions is comparable; however, the farther the control surface is from the wing surface, the closer the starting point of the separated vortex behind it is to the wing trailing edge, which increases the lateral force difference and enhances yaw control effectiveness. Under the same control surface area condition, the maximum differences in yaw control efficiency generated by drag rudders at different spanwise, chordwise, and normal positions are approximately 20%, 200%, and 10%, respectively. Under the same cost of three-axis moment coupling effect, a drag rudder positioned close to the wingtip in the spanwise direction, near the leading edge in the chordwise direction, and at a certain distance in the normal direction can achieve stronger yaw control capability. This research can provide theoretical and technical references for the design of directional control schemes for medium aspect ratio flying-wing aircraft.

     

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