基于激波装配法的乘波体设计与分析

Waverider design and analysis based on shock-fitting method

  • 摘要: 乘波体外形通过在给定的高超声速激波流场中使用流线追踪法设计得到,传统的乘波体设计一般采用二维楔形或者轴对称锥形流场生成,设计空间受限。为拓展乘波体设计空间,引入激波装配法,数值计算带激波的流场,建立了普适于一般三维流场的乘波体设计方法,突破了传统乘波体设计方法的流场限制。引入“导波体”定义三维流场的生成外形,采用平切导波体流场激波及正向追踪流线的方法设计乘波体外形。通过几类导波体流场生成乘波体的算例,分析了导波体与乘波体之间的关系,包括纵向截面外形、横截面外形以及前缘外形等。分析表明,双锥体在后体产生的激波或膨胀波能有效地改变导波体速度沿纵向的分布特性,利用该特性可在俯视平面形状受约束的情况下实现对乘波体构型纵向稳定性的按需设计;通过改变导波体横截面外形,可以改变速度沿展向的分布特性,从而实现乘波体横截面外形改变;乘波体前缘外形主要与导波体激波在俯视面上的外形相关,通过后体扩张的双锥外形能够生成双前缘乘波体外形。本文指出乘波体与导波体外形之间存在定性对应关系,其关系可作为乘波体设计时导波体选择的参考依据,为扩大设计空间、设计优良乘波体奠定了基础。

     

    Abstract: Most commonly, a waverider is defined as an aerodynamic configuration that is inversely created from a prescribed hypersonic flow field based on a planar or conical shock wave. In this work, the prescribed shock wave was numerically created from an arbitrary configuration using shock-fitting method. A Shock Generating Body(SGB) was defined as the object to generate 3D flow field with shock wave for waverider creation. The correlation of the longitudinal section, cross section, and leading edge feature between the waverider configuration and its corresponding SGB configuration were analyzed. The analysis results show that the shock wave or expansion wave generated from the aft-body of a double-cone SGB can effectively alter the velocity distribution characteristics of the SGB flow field. This feature can be used to design the longitudinal characteristics of a waverider configuration when its planar profile is restricted. The velocity distribution on cross section can be altered by changing the cross section profile of the SGB, thereby achieving the cross section profile alteration of the generated waverider. A waverider with double-sweep leading edge feature can be generated using a double-cone with expanding aft-body. Qualitative correlations exist between the waverider and the SGB, which provides valuable insight as the guideline to choose appropriate flow field for the design of high performance waveriders.

     

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