导弹配平飞行数值模拟及控制优化

Numeric simulation and control optimization on missile trimmed flight

  • 摘要: 传统基于建模仿真的控制系统检验方法受建模质量的影响,在非定常效应较强时很难得出准确结果。为此,采用基于CFD的虚拟飞行数值模拟方法检验和优化控制系统。首先介绍了数值模拟方法,进行了纵向开环控制飞行模拟,结果与气动力建模仿真结果、风洞试验结果吻合较好,共同验证了计算方法和气动力模型。针对迎角拉起设计了PID控制器,阶跃响应仿真结果表明控制器具有良好的动态性能,然后进行了数值模拟验证,结果表明迎角超调量超过50%、调节时间1.7s。通过试探法对控制参数进行了优化改进,将超调量减小到14%,调节时间减小到1.18s,动态性能显著提高。分析表明,受控时尾舵角速度达到200°/s,非定常效应强,线性气动力模型不能精确描述这些过程,造成了仿真结果的差异;虚拟飞行数值模拟技术在控制律检验和优化上可以起到关键作用。

     

    Abstract: Conventional control law validation method based on modeling and simulation is highly relevant with model quality and is difficult to obtain correct results when dynamic effect is strong. An attempt is made to use CFD based virtual flight simulation to validate and optimize control laws. The numeric method is introduced and validated through open-loop longitudinal virtual flight which has a good agreement with experiment and computer simulation results. Then a PID controller is designed for the pitch-up motion which has good dynamic performance for step response simulation. However, CFD simulation result shows that its overshoot exceeds 50% and setting time is 1.7s. Finally the controller is optimized through CFD simulation by using different parameters. The final controller has a much smaller overshoot and setting time which are 14% and 1.18s respectively. Analysis shows that the control fin deflection rate is 200?s, resulting in strong dynamic effect which cannot be depicted by the aerodynamic model and induces the significant difference of computer simulation. Simulation results show that virtual flight simulation can play a key role in the analysis of control method.

     

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