基于性能及轻量化的新型风力机叶片优化设计研究

Optimal design of a new wind turbine blade based on performance and light weight

  • 摘要: 针对复合材料风力机叶片形状复杂,采用传统的复合材料层合板理论难以建立叶片质量计算数学模型的缺点,本文提出了将叶片的质量计算转化为叶片曲面的面积计算模型。基于修正的风力机空气动力学理论,在叶片全部产生功率区域内采用作者全新设计的风力机CQU-A翼型系列进行翼型沿叶片展向分布设计,验证了该翼型族具有较高的气动性能;针对变桨距风力机,以最大功率系数及最小叶片面积为多目标优化模型,建立了新型2MW风力机叶片设计及优化数学模型。采用改进的多目标粒子群算法对风力机叶片进行优化设计,优化结果表明,相比初始风力机叶片,新叶片的工作性能有了较大的提高,叶片的表面积有了明显的降低,意味着叶片的质量有了显著的减少,降低了叶片的材料成本;同时叶根载荷也得到了有效的控制。该新型叶片的研究为设计出高性能轻质量低成本的风力机提供了理论依据。

     

    Abstract: A numerical model which translated the mass of the blade into the surface area of the wind turbine blade is presented. The reason is that it is hard to calculate the blade mass based on traditional composite laminated plate theory because of the complex shape for the composite wind turbine blades. Secondly, based on the amendatory wind turbine aerodynamic theory, the airfoils along the spanwise distribution is designed using the newly CQUA airfoil series within the region of whole generated power for the wind turbine. It is verified that the CQU airfoil series exhibit good aerodynamic performance. The multiobjective optimization model which maximizes the power coefficient and minimizes the blade area is proposed for the pitch regulation wind turbine. A mathematical model of design and optimization for a new 2MW wind turbine blade is established. Lastly, the wind turbine blade is designed by using an improved multiobjective particle swarm optimization algorithm. The optimization results show that, compared with the original 2MW wind turbine blade, the performance of the newly designed blade have been improved, and the area is significantly reduced which means that the mass is reduced greatly and also the material cost of the blade. Moreover, the load for the blade root is effectively controlled. The study of the new designed blade provides a theoretical basis for the designing of high performance, light quality and lowcost wind turbine blade.

     

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