飞机增升装置振荡射流增升减阻与降噪特性分析

Analysis of the flow control and noise reduction characteristics of aircraft high-lift devices utilizing oscillating jets

  • 摘要: 为解决飞机增升装置在起降阶段中等迎角下襟翼流动分离引起的气动与噪声问题,本文以经典的30P30N三段翼模型为研究对象,基于贝叶斯优化算法构建多参数寻优框架,发展了振荡射流增升减阻降噪方法,开展了基于改进的延迟分离涡模拟耦合FW-H方程的混合气动力和气动噪声特性的数值模拟,对添加射流前后的流场和噪声特性进行了分析。数值模拟结果表明:频率为1倍特征频率、动量系数为(1.897%,0.006%)的振荡射流使雷诺数为1.7×106,马赫数为0.17,攻角为5.5°下的30P30N后缘襟翼的分离涡明显减小,升力增加约8.24%,阻力下降约8.00%;气动噪声总声压级降低1.27 dB,在30°方向总声压级降低最多,下降了2.88 dB,在(270°,5C)的远场低频噪声下降了4.28 dB,尤其是脱落涡导致的纯音峰值下降了14.05 dB,高频噪声几乎不变;射流除直接向流场中注入能量外还通过引入扰动生成展向涡,促进了剪切层内低动量流体与主流高动量流体之间的能量交换,进而有效削弱了襟翼后缘的边界拟涡能流。这一过程导致Lamb矢量散度的正负值相互作用区域显著减小,抑制了该区域的声源强度。研究结果为飞机增升装置增升、减阻和降噪设计提供了理论依据。

     

    Abstract: This study employed the canonical 30P30N three-element airfoil model to investigate the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic issues arising from flow separation over flaps at moderate angles of attack during aircraft take-off and landing. A multi-parameter optimization framework leveraging the Bayesian optimization was developed to advance an oscillating jet-based control strategy for lift enhancement, drag reduction, and noise reduction. Hybrid aeroacoustic simulations, coupling improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (IDDES) with the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation, were conducted to evaluate the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic performance and elucidate the underlying physical mechanisms responsible for the observed lift augmentation, drag reduction, and noise mitigation. Numerical results demonstrated that an oscillating jet with a frequency equal to the characteristic frequency and a momentum coefficient of (1.897%, 0.006%) significantly suppressesed flow separation over the trailing-edge flap of 30P30N at a Reynolds number of 1.7×106, a Mach number of 0.17, and an angle of attack of 5.5°, yielding approximately an 8.24% increase in lift and an 8.00% decrease in drag. Furthermore, the overall sound pressure level (OASPL) of the aerodynamic noise was reduced by 1.27 dB. At the 30° observation direction, OASPL experienced the largest reduction by 2.88 dB. A more substantial reduction of 4.28 dB was observed for the far-field low-frequency noise at (270°, 5C). Notably, the tonal peak associated with shedding vortices was attenuated by 14.05 dB, while the high-frequency noise remained largely unaffected. Analyses revealed that the jet not only directly injected energy into the flow field but also introduced disturbances that generated spanwise vortices, promoting energy exchange between low-momentum fluid within the shear layer and high-momentum fluid in the freestream. This energy exchange process effectively weakened the boundary enstrophy flux at the flap trailing edge. Consequently, the interaction region between positive and negative values of the Lamb vector divergence was significantly reduced, resulting in suppressed acoustic source strength. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for designing aircraft with enhanced lift, reduced drag, and mitigated noise.

     

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