Abstract: For the study of potential influences of a wind turbine on the surface layer of atmospheric boundary layer, Gambit software was chosen to model the wind turbine and simulate the whole flow field. The velocity distribution function of the boundary layer was loaded by the UDF as the inlet boundary condition. Based on a wake model and combined with the turbulence theory, Fluent software was used to simulate the variable surface layer of the atmospheric boundary layer caused by the single wind turbine. By analyzing the characteristics of the velocity and the turbulent kinetic energy in the wind turbine downstream, the effect was investigated on the atmospheric boundary layer. The simulation results show that the uniform distribution of the flow in the atmospheric boundary layer is changed intensively by the operation of the wind turbine. Compared with the original velocity distribution, the wind speed reduces rapidly after pass the wind turbine and then increases gradually, but the increase rate decreases gradually, and the velocity at the distance of 17 times of the turbine diameter still can't meet the initial speed. The velocity distribution in vertical direction presents a gradually increasing trend, but is significantly low in the rotor position. The influenced area downward expands, but the expansion is gradually slow. The turbulent kinetic energy also changes greatly at hub area, because of the wind speed of the hub area different from that in the surrounding. The airflow mixes with the surrounding fluid downstream, leading to that the turbulent kinetic energy gradually reduces. The turbulent kinetic energy no longer changes at a certain height. Due to the variety of various fluxes related to wind speed and turbulence kinetic energy, the influence of the wind turbine on the surrounding environment may not limit to the variety of the wind speed and the turbulence kinetic energy in the surface layer.