海鸥翼折转运动的数值模拟及分析

Numerical study on the folding mechanism of seagull's flapping wing

  • 摘要: 扑翼的非定常流动及气动特性分析对微型飞行器设计具有重要意义。本文采用动态混合网格技术以及非定常数值计算方法,对海鸥翼的拍动过程进行了数值研究。采用基于径向基函数的插值技术实现网格的变形,为了提高插值效率,发展了基于最大物面误差的参考点选择算法。基于文献观测数据建立了海鸥翼的三维模型,并设计了相应的拍动以及变形规律,对拍动角、折转角的影响进行了分析。分析结果表明,折转角可以减小上拍过程的不利影响,对提高整个扑翼周期的时均升力、减少时均阻力和能耗是有益的。进一步通过调整折转的相位来增加翼的折转时间,并减少其展开的时间,对提高扑翼过程的平均气动力特性是有益的。

     

    Abstract: The study of unsteady flow mechanism and aerodynamics performance of flapping wing is very significant for micro aerial vehicle (MAV) design. In this paper, hybrid dynamic mesh technique and unsteady flow solver are used to study the flapping motion of a seagull wing. Radius basis function (RBF) interpolation approach is adopted to generate the moving mesh. The reduced selection of surface reference points is used to save the time consuming of the RBF interpolation. In order to satisfy the geometric conservation law on the moving mesh, the normal velocity of cell interface is calculated by its 'sweeping volume'. A 3D model of seagull wing is built based on observation data and a simple flapping, and the folding motion is also modeled. Influence of the flapping angle, the folding angle and the folding phase is analyzed. Numerical results show that the folding mechanism can weaken the disadvantage of the upstroke. Therefore, with an increasing folding angle, the averaged lift coefficient increases and both the drag and power consumption decrease. Furthermore, increasing the proportion of folding process and decreasing the unfolding process are helpful to improve the time-averaged aerodynamic performance and reduce the power consuming.

     

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