蝙蝠飞行的空气动力学研究进展

Progress in aerodynamics of bat flight

  • 摘要: 蝙蝠飞行的空气动力学研究是近二十年来关注的热点问题,其中蕴含着翼主动大变形的流动控制机理,对其进行研究可以揭示不同于鸟类和昆虫的非定常空气动力产生的机制。首先,根据研究工具的进步程度,把对蝙蝠飞行的研究分为了三个历史阶段,即在第一和第二阶段通过获得部分“静态”的数据来研究,在第三阶段对蝙蝠翅膀飞行中的动态变形进行测量和流场结构测量。然后陈述了蝙蝠翼的特征,飞行中挥拍运动及变形规律特征,并简述了特征的四类变形模型(扭转变形、弦向弓形变形、展向弯曲变形和翼面积改变)。有了初步的变形模型后,对主动变形产生非定常空气动力产生机制和气动性能调控进行了探讨。最后提出了当前对蝙蝠飞行的空气动力学研究面临的困难和挑战。

     

    Abstract: The aerodynamics of bat flight, as a research hotspot, has been widely studied in the last two decades. The active flow control mechanism of dynamic deformation of bat-wings attracted great attention due to unknown unsteady aerodynamic mechanisms, which are different from those of birds and insects. According to the development of measurement tools, the studies of bat flight can be divided into three historical stages. In the first and second stage, the purpose of the studies is to select the "static" data. In the third stage, i.e., the present stage, the purpose is to measure the dynamic deformation of the wing and flow structure. Furthermore, we introduce the characteristics of bat wings, the kinematics of flapping, and the deforming wing, as well as the four typical models of morphing wing (twisting, cambering, bending and area-changing). The mechanisms of aerodynamic forces generation and wing morphing strategy are discussed preliminarily. In addition, the difficulties and challenges in the study of the aerodynamics in bat flight have been presented. Our next decade work may focus on solving these difficulties and challenges.

     

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