压力波作用下二维椭圆形气泡界面演化规律研究

Interfacial evolution of a two-dimensional elliptical bubble induced by underwater pressure wave

  • 摘要: 水中压力波与气泡相互作用研究是解决空泡群溃灭问题的核心基础。射流是压力波作用下气泡非球形演化的最显著特征。本文通过数值模拟方法分析了水中压力波加载下二维椭圆形气泡的界面演化规律。结果表明,射流的生成位置与气泡倾角无关,方向与其密切相关。当气泡倾角等于0°,在气泡长轴两端生成两个方向相反的射流,最终与压力波传播方向相同的射流占主导。当气泡倾角等于90°,在气泡长轴两端生成两个对称射流,其与压力波传播方向夹角为53.9°。通过定量分析涡量方程式中各项的作用,揭示界面处压力梯度和密度梯度不共线导致的斜压机制是射流形成的主要原因。最后,通过改变椭圆形气泡倾斜角度,获得了气泡倾角与射流角度的关系。

     

    Abstract: The interaction between underwater pressure wave and bubble is the key to solve the problem of the collapse of bubble cloud. Jet generation is the most significant feature of non-spherical collapse induced by pressure wave. In the present study, we analyze numerically the interfacical evolution of 2D elliptical bubble induced by underwater pressure wave. The results of numerical simulation show that inclinination angle of bubble is dependent on jet direaction, and not on its generation position. Here the inclinination angle is defined as the angle between long axis of elliptical bubble and propagation direction of pressure wave. For inclination angle = 0°, two jets with opposite directions are generated in long axis, and finally the jet pointing towards the propagation of pressure wave plays a dominant role. For inclination angle = 90°, two genenrated jets are symmetrical in the short axis, and the angle between them and the direction of pressure wave is 53.9 °. By analyzing the equation of voricity, it is revealed that the baroclinity is the main mechanism of jet formation, which caused by the mismatch between pressure gradient and density incoherence at the interface. By changing the angle of elliptical bubble, we obtain the phase diagram between inclination angle and jet angle.

     

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