迎角对扑翼运动气动性能影响的高性能数值研究

Numerical study of high performance on the influence of angle of attack on aerodynamic performance of wing flapping

  • 摘要: 为了设计更高效、高机动性的扑翼飞行器,需要对扑翼运动机理进行细致的动力学研究。其中,迎角是影响扑翼运动气动性能的关键因素。本文结合格子Boltzmann法与Level-Set动边界识别法,建立了含有动边界的流场模拟方法,并采用GPU加速,数值研究了迎角对扑翼运动气动性能的影响。结果表明:增大迎角,扑翼运动的升阻比呈现先增大后减小的趋势,当迎角θ = 10°时,能够获得最佳气动性能。θ = 0°~40°范围内,随着迎角的增大,扑翼翼尖处的上下翼面压差比翼根、翼中处大,在翼尖处提供了更大的升力。随着迎角的增大,扑翼的前缘涡附着于翼面的面积明显增大,扑翼后方脱落的涡旋也较难耗散,提高了扑翼的升力;同时,翼尖涡的强度和影响范围变大,增加了扑翼的阻力。

     

    Abstract: In order to design a more efficient and highly maneuverable flapping-wing aircraft, it is necessary to conduct meticulous aerodynamics research on the flapping-wing motion mechanism. The angle of attack is a key factor affecting the aerodynamic performance of a flapping-wing motion. Based on the Lattice Boltzmann method and the Level-Set moving boundary recognition method with the GPU acceleration, this work carries out the aerodynamic performance of flapping-wing with the angle of attack ( \theta ) from 0° to 60°. The results show that with increasing of \theta , the lift-to-drag ratio of the flapping-wing increases and then decreases. When \theta =10^ \circ , flapping-wing exhibits the best aerodynamic performance. In the range of \theta =0^ \circ \sim 40^ \circ , with increasing of \theta , the pressure difference between the upper and lower wing surfaces at the tip of the flapping-wing is greater than that at the root and middle of the wing, which provide greater lift force at the wing tip. As the \theta increasing, the area where the leading edge vortex attaches to the wing surface increases, and the vortices that fall off behind the flapping-wing are also difficult to dissipate, which lead to the increasing of the lift force of the flapping-wing. At the same time, the strength and range of influence of the wingtip vortex become larger, which lead to the increasing of the drag force of the flapping-wing.

     

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