Abstract: With the increasing depletion of fossil energy and increasing concern for environmental protection, propeller propulsion devices with high propulsion efficiency and low fuel consumption have received increasingly more attention than jet propulsion devices, ushering in new development opportunities. However, improving propulsion efficiency and reducing noise pollution have been major challenges in developing propeller aircraft. This paper thoroughly discusses the aerodynamics and aeroacoustics of the aviation propeller. At first, it summarizes the development history of propellers. Then, given the key aerodynamic problems, such as the aerodynamic characteristics of propellers and the propeller airfoils, the research status and the key progress are summarized and discussed from theoretical analyses, numerical calculations, wind tunnel experiments, and other research methods and techniques. Finally, the research achievements and the latest progress regarding the propeller aircraft aerodynamic noise at home and abroad are introduced, including the mechanism, prediction, and reduction of propeller noise; prospects for future research on aircraft propeller aerodynamics, noise, and optimization design are also presented.