Abstract:
The prediction of boundary-layer transition is crucial for designing high-speed aircraft, yet high-fidelity high-speed transition prediction models with broad application prospects are still not available. While extensive efforts have been directed towards modifying the
γ-Reθ transition model, which has proven effective in low-speed flows, for its application in high-speed scenarios, these refined
γ-Reθ models continue to encounter challenges in attaining widespread application. To develop a more practical engineering transition model, we have implemented a high-speed correction to the
γ-Reθ transition model, leveraging the high-order WCNS platform. Firstly, we compared the performance of second and fifth-order schemes in simulating a high-speed flat-plate turbulent boundary layer. The results reveal that the higher-order scheme delivers more accurate results, even with a coarse grid, evidenced by its precise prediction of the skin friction coefficient. This underscores the importance of employing high-order schemes for discretizing the turbulence model. Then we refined the SST turbulence model, the transport equations of
γ and
Reθ, as well as the turbulent Prandtl number (
Prt), yielding results in line with experimental data in a wide range of Mach numbers, geometries, and wall thermal conditions. The obtained transition model exhibits not only high accuracy in predicting the transition position but also the aerodynamic force/heat downstream of the transition front. Finally, compared to the original
γ-Reθ transition model, the modified SST turbulence model can effectively improve the skin friction prediction accuracy in the turbulent area, and limited improvement on the transition location. Notably, the
Ma-modified
γ and
Reθ transport equations have significantly improved the prediction accuracy of the transition location. Furthermore, the modified
Prt effectively improves the adiabatic wall temperature in transitional and turbulent regions but slightly improves the heat flux on isothermal walls.