类HyTRV升力体阻尼/交叉动导数特性分析

Analysis of damping and cross dynamic derivative characteristics for a quasi-HyTRV lifting body

  • 摘要: 动导数是构建气动力模型的基本参数,也是评估飞行器动态特性品质的重要指标。受气动布局和非定常气动特性等因素的影响,超高速升力体飞行器各通道耦合效应突出,表征横航向之间耦合效应的交叉动导数显著增大。本文基于国家数值风洞高速模拟软件NNW-HyFLOW,采用强迫振荡法开展了动导数的计算和辨识。首先,针对OV-102航天飞机标模进行了方法验证;然后,针对高速转捩研究飞行器(high-speed transition research vehicle, HyTRV)的相似模型开展阻尼/交叉动导数的辨识,分析了攻角和马赫数等参数对动导数的影响规律。结果表明,类HyTRV升力体的横向和航向之间耦合效应突出,在攻角大于2°、马赫数小于5时,偏航-滚转力矩交叉导数甚至会超过滚转力矩阻尼导数。随着攻角的增大,俯仰静稳定性逐渐减弱,动稳定性先小幅降低,在平衡攻角处最弱,而后显著增强;偏航静、动稳定性均减弱,而滚转静、动稳定性均增强。随着马赫数的增大,俯仰、偏航和滚转方向的静稳定性增强,而阻尼、交叉动导数均逐渐减小,动稳定性减弱。本文研究可为面对称高速飞行器的动态稳定性评估与气动建模提供理论依据与数据支撑。

     

    Abstract: Dynamic derivatives are fundamental parameters for aerodynamic modeling and crucial for assessing vehicle dynamic characteristics. For hypersonic lifting-body vehicles, aerodynamic coupling among pitch, yaw, and roll directions is significant due to aerodynamic layout and unsteady aerodynamic effects, leading to marked increases in cross dynamic derivatives that characterize yaw-roll coupling. In this paper, the forced oscillation method was employed to calculate and identify the dynamic derivatives based on the National Numerical Windtunnel hypersonic software, named NNW-HyFLOW. First, the method is validated using the OV-102 space shuttle standard model. Then, the effects of parameters (e.g., angle of attack and Mach number) on dynamic derivatives were analyzed. Results indicate significant yaw-roll aerodynamic coupling in the quasi-HyTRV (high-speed transition research vehicle) lifting body. The results show that the aerodynamic coupling effect between the yaw and roll directions of the quasi-HyTRV lifting-body is significant. The rolling-moment derivative due to yaw rate exceeds the roll damping derivative when the angle of attack is greater than 2° or the Mach number is less than 5. As the angle of attack increases, the pitching static stability decreases, while the dynamic stability first slightly drops to a minimum at the equilibrium angle of attack then increases significantly. The yaw static and dynamic stability both decrease, while the roll static and dynamic stability enhance simultaneously. With increasing Mach number, the static stability in the pitch, yaw, and roll directions improves, while the damping and cross-dynamic derivatives gradually decrease, and the dynamic stability declines. This study can provide a theoretical basis and data support for the dynamic stability assessment and aerodynamic modeling of lateral-symmetric hypersonic vehicles.

     

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