动态失速及其实验方法与测量技术研究进展

Research progress on dynamic stall and its experimental methods and measurement techniques

  • 摘要: 动态失速是一种复杂的非定常、非线性气动现象,广泛存在于直升机、风力机、航空压气机等旋转机械设备运行以及飞机大迎角机动、编队飞行过程中。该现象涉及流动分离、剪切层失稳、动态失速涡的生成与演化等问题,并伴随显著的气动力迟滞效应和动态载荷变化,极易导致飞行器升力骤降、阻力急剧增加及颤振等问题。由于非定常转捩预测、大迎角分离以及动态失速可靠模拟等前沿空气动力学问题尚未解决,风洞实验成为揭示动态失速特性及流动机制的核心手段。本文系统综述了动态失速的基本特性与风洞实验方法,重点探讨了压力测量、转捩检测、空间流场精细结构显示与测量技术的研究进展。研究表明,高精度、高分辨率的实验测量技术对于捕捉动态失速过程中的流动特性至关重要,而误差修正技术显著提升了实验结果的可靠性。此外,未来研究需进一步加强多物理场耦合测量技术的开发,并结合智能化风洞实验与机器学习方法,全面解析动态失速的流动机制,为航空航天与风能等领域提供高效的设计优化和流动控制策略。

     

    Abstract: Dynamic stall is a complex, unsteady, and nonlinear aerodynamic phenomenon that widely exists in the operation of rotating mechanical equipment such as helicopters, wind turbines, and air compressors and in the high angle of attack maneuvers and formation flying of aircraft. This phenomenon involves flow separation, shear layer instability, and the generation and evolution of dynamic stall vortices. It is accompanied by significant aerodynamic hysteresis effects and dynamic load changes, which can easily lead to problems such as sudden drop in lift, sharp increase in drag, and flutter of the aircraft. Since cutting-edge aerodynamic problems such as unsteady transition prediction, high angle of attack separation, and reliable simulation of dynamic stall have not yet been solved, wind tunnel experiments have become the core means to reveal the characteristics and flow mechanisms of dynamic stall. This paper systematically reviews the essential attributes of dynamic stall and wind tunnel experimental methods, focusing on the research progress of pressure measurement, transition detection, and spatial flow field fine structure display and measurement technology. The study shows that high-precision and high-resolution experimental measurement technology is crucial to capturing the flow characteristics during dynamic stall, and error correction technology significantly improves the reliability of experimental results. In addition, future research needs further to strengthen the development of multi-physics field coupling measurement technology and combine intelligent wind tunnel experiments with machine learning methods to comprehensively analyze the flow mechanism of dynamic stall and provide efficient design optimization and flow control strategies for aerospace and wind energy fields.

     

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