定常风下钝体二维组合断面绕流和三分力系数的智能预测方法

Intelligent Prediction Method for Flow Field and Static Force Coefficients of Two-Dimensional Blunt Body Combined Sections under Steady Wind

  • 摘要: 在结构断面设计与优化中,高效精准地获取气动性能具有重要意义。传统的气动选型方法,如风洞试验和计算流体动力学数值模拟,存在耗时且成本高昂的问题,特别是在处理结构断面设计参数多样性和优化方向不确定性的迭代计算任务时,其效率低下的问题尤为突出。本研究提出了一种基于深度学习代理模型的智能预测方法,专注于定常风下钝体二维组合断面的绕流流场及三分力系数的快速精准预测。具体而言,该方法采用类似图片的一致化形状表达来描述钝体组合断面的气动外形,具有不受断面形式限制的通用性;通过融合卷积注意力机制模块与残差模块构建神经网络架构,并利用均方误差来捕捉神经网络预测误差,实现了从气动外形到绕流流场及三分力系数的强非线性映射。研究结果表明,该方法在定常风条件下,对钝体二维组合断面的时均绕流流场、表面压力分布以及三分力系数的预测误差分别控制在3.7%、0.35%和6.25%以内,满足精度要求,且计算效率提升了4个数量级。该方法为定常风下钝体断面气动性能的快速预测提供了一种高效、实用的技术手段。

     

    Abstract: In the design and optimization of structural cross-sections, the efficient and accurate evaluation of aerodynamic performance is of significant importance. Traditional aerodynamic evaluation methods, such as wind tunnel tests and computational fluid dynamics numerical simulations, are time-consuming and costly. This is particularly evident when dealing with iterative computational tasks involving numerous design parameters and uncertain optimization trajectories for structural cross-sections, as the inefficiency of traditional methods becomes more pronounced. To address these challenges, this study proposes an intelligent prediction method based on a deep learning surrogate model, focusing on the rapid and accurate prediction of flow fields around two-dimensional combined bluff body cross-sections and static force coefficients under steady wind conditions. Specifically, this method employs a unified image-like shape representation to characterize the aerodynamic shapes of bluff body combined cross-sections, ensuring broad applicability without being limited by specific cross-section configurations. By integrating convolutional attention mechanisms and residual modules to construct the neural network architecture and using mean squared error to capture prediction errors, the method achieves a highly nonlinear mapping from aerodynamic shapes to flow characteristics and static force coefficients. The results demonstrate that, under steady wind, the prediction errors for the time-averaged flow fields, surface pressure distributions, and static force coefficients of two-dimensional combined bluff body cross-sections are all within 3.7%, 0.35%, and 6.25%, respectively, thereby satisfying the accuracy requirements. Additionally, the computational efficiency is improved by four orders of magnitude compared to conventional methods. Consequently, this method provides an efficient and practical solution for the rapid prediction of aerodynamic performance for bluff body cross-sections under steady wind environments.

     

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