轻质针刺石英纤维/酚醛复合材料体积辐射-烧蚀热响应模型及分析

Volume radiation-ablation thermal response model and analysis of lightweight needled quartz fiber/phenolic composite

  • 摘要: 在行星进入和地球返回探测任务中,高焓高速气体导致飞行器表面承受显著的热辐射效应。辐射效应传输机制与能量热传导模式不同,体积辐射效应的影响依赖于热防护材料的辐射特性。本文在传统烧蚀模型中引入体积辐射传输方程,建立轻质针刺石英纤维/酚醛复合材料体积辐射-烧蚀热响应模型。通过与试验结果对比分析表明,体积辐射-烧蚀模型比传统模型具有更高的预测精度;高辐射加热会加速复合材料内部的酚醛树脂热解,同时产生更高的内部热解气体压力,而高对流加热则会提高复合材料表面的烧蚀后退速率。本文工作可为轻质针刺石英纤维/酚醛复合材料在深空探测飞行器热防护系统中的工程化应用提供一定的指导。

     

    Abstract: During planetary entry and Earth return missions, spacecraft surfaces experience significant thermal radiation effects due to high-enthalpy, high-velocity gases. Unlike conductive heat transfer, the volumetric radiation effect depends critically on the radiative properties of thermal protection materials. The lightweight needled quartz fiber/phenolic composite, with its high porosity and semi-transparent characteristics, demonstrates particularly favorable radiative heat transfer properties. This study developed an improved thermal response model by incorporating volumetric radiative transfer equations into conventional ablation models. Comparative analyses with experimental data demonstrated that the proposed volumetric radiation-ablation model achieved superior prediction accuracy compared to traditional approaches. The results revealed that composites with higher absorption and scattering coefficients exhibited enhanced thermal insulation performance. Under high-radiation heating conditions, accelerated pyrolysis of phenolic resin occurred within the composite material, accompanied by increased internal pyrolysis gas pressure. Conversely, high convective heating conditions primarily elevated the surface ablation recession rate. These findings provide valuable insights for engineering applications of lightweight needled quartz fiber/phenolic composites in thermal protection systems for deep space exploration vehicles.

     

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