Abstract:
Dual synthetic jets (DSJ) is formed by the downstream merging of two synthetic jets with a phase difference of 180°, featuring stronger momentum flux, greater penetration depth, and lower working noise. Numerical simulations, wind tunnel experiments, and flight tests have demonstrated its significant potential for flow control applications. This study measured the instantaneous flow fields of dual synthetic jets with an aspect ratio
RAR = 10 at operating frequencies
fA = 650, 850,
1050, and
1250 Hz by high-frequency particle image velocimetry. Coherent structures in the phase-averaged and time-averaged flow fields were analysed based on the velocity triple decomposition method and four-quadrant-type rule, and their entrainment capacity was quantitatively analyzed through mass flow rate and momentum flux. The results show that the self-support phenomenon accelerates the curvature change of the vortex ring, inhibits the formation of inner vortices while pulling the entire vortex ring, causing the primary vortex to deform and split off to form a secondary vortex, and the minor-axis plane vorticity transforms into the major-axis plane one, leading to the faster loss of coherence and collapse of the primary vortex. The time-averaged flow fields at
fA = 650 and 850 Hz exhibit a high degree of similarity, with the intensity of turbulent kinetic energy relatively low and distributed over a large range. The periodic kinetic energy plays a dominant role in the flow field, but is mainly concentrated near the orifices. As the operating frequency increases, primary vortices are more susceptible to collapse, leading to a rapid loss of coherence. The turbulent kinetic energy caused by vortices breaking and merging becomes dominant in the flow field (
fA =
1050 and
1250 Hz), and the periodic kinetic energy is mainly concentrated in the region where primary vortices are formed. The entrainment capacity of dual synthetic jets is not solely determined by the jet Reynolds number (
Rej) or the Strouhal number (
Stj), but is also closely related to the pattern of vortex evolution. The generation and development of secondary vortices can enhance the entrainment capacity, allowing it to maintain a high mass flow rate and momentum flux even at lower
Rej. Furthermore, the operating frequency influences the pattern of primary vortices, thereby altering the streamwise evolution characteristics of the mass flow rate and momentum flux.