合成双射流的相干结构演化与卷吸效应:工作频率的影响

Coherent structure evolution and entrainment mechanism of dual synthetic jets: effect of operating frequency

  • 摘要: 合成双射流由两股相位差为180°的合成射流在下游融合形成,具有更强的动量通量、更远的穿透深度和更低的工作噪声,已通过数值模拟、风洞实验与飞行实验证明了其在流动控制领域的巨大应用潜力。本研究通过高频粒子图像测速系统测量了长宽比RAR = 10、工作频率fA = 650、850、10501250 Hz合成双射流的瞬时流场。结合速度三重分解与旋涡四象限规则分析相位平均流场和时均流场中的相干结构,并通过质量流率和动量通量对其卷吸能力进行定量分析。结果表明,自给现象会加速合成双射流涡环曲率变化,抑制内侧旋涡卷起的同时拉扯整个涡环,使初级旋涡变形并分裂形成次级旋涡,促进短轴平面涡量向长轴平面转变,导致初级旋涡更快失去相干性并坍缩。工作频率fA = 650和850 Hz的时均流场具有较高的相似度,湍动能的强度较低,在较大的范围内均有分布。周期动能在流场内起主导作用,但主要集中在射流口附近。随着工作频率增大,初级旋涡更易坍缩进而失去相干性,小尺度涡融合和破碎引起的湍动能在流场起主导作用(fA = 10501250 Hz),周期动能主要集中在初级旋涡卷起的区域。合成双射流对环境流体的卷吸能力并不是射流雷诺数或斯特劳哈尔数的简单线性关系,还与旋涡演化的形态有关。次级旋涡的生成与演化可以增强射流的卷吸能力,使其在较低的射流雷诺数下仍可具有较高的质量流率与动量通量。工作频率会影响初级旋涡演化的形态,从而改变质量流率和动量通量的流向演化。

     

    Abstract: Dual synthetic jets (DSJ) is formed by the downstream merging of two synthetic jets with a phase difference of 180°, featuring stronger momentum flux, greater penetration depth, and lower working noise. Numerical simulations, wind tunnel experiments, and flight tests have demonstrated its significant potential for flow control applications. This study measured the instantaneous flow fields of dual synthetic jets with an aspect ratio RAR = 10 at operating frequencies fA = 650, 850, 1050, and 1250 Hz by high-frequency particle image velocimetry. Coherent structures in the phase-averaged and time-averaged flow fields were analysed based on the velocity triple decomposition method and four-quadrant-type rule, and their entrainment capacity was quantitatively analyzed through mass flow rate and momentum flux. The results show that the self-support phenomenon accelerates the curvature change of the vortex ring, inhibits the formation of inner vortices while pulling the entire vortex ring, causing the primary vortex to deform and split off to form a secondary vortex, and the minor-axis plane vorticity transforms into the major-axis plane one, leading to the faster loss of coherence and collapse of the primary vortex. The time-averaged flow fields at fA = 650 and 850 Hz exhibit a high degree of similarity, with the intensity of turbulent kinetic energy relatively low and distributed over a large range. The periodic kinetic energy plays a dominant role in the flow field, but is mainly concentrated near the orifices. As the operating frequency increases, primary vortices are more susceptible to collapse, leading to a rapid loss of coherence. The turbulent kinetic energy caused by vortices breaking and merging becomes dominant in the flow field (fA = 1050 and 1250 Hz), and the periodic kinetic energy is mainly concentrated in the region where primary vortices are formed. The entrainment capacity of dual synthetic jets is not solely determined by the jet Reynolds number (Rej) or the Strouhal number (Stj), but is also closely related to the pattern of vortex evolution. The generation and development of secondary vortices can enhance the entrainment capacity, allowing it to maintain a high mass flow rate and momentum flux even at lower Rej. Furthermore, the operating frequency influences the pattern of primary vortices, thereby altering the streamwise evolution characteristics of the mass flow rate and momentum flux.

     

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