Abstract: This study focuses on reusable high-speed vehicles, investigating the physical modeling of aerodynamic heating near heated surfaces under coupled thermo-integrated effects, strongly unsteady heat conduction calculations on structural surfaces, and time-marching coupling strategies. A multi-level connotation of reusable thermal protection is proposed, encompassing materials, structures, and flight performance. The influence of material property evolution and accumulated thermal deformation of structures on the thermal protection system and flight performance is elaborated. Furthermore, a multi-level evaluation methodology and a preliminary indicator system based on mission profiles are discussed, providing references for the design of aerodynamics, structures, and thermal protection in reusable high-speed vehicles.