基于金属丝网的储液器动态稳压能力研究

Dynamic pressure stability of metal wire mesh accumulator

  • 摘要: 机械泵驱两相流体回路是一种具有传热功率大、控温精度高特点的热控技术,储液器是热控系统的核心部件,其内部结构对工质输运性能具有重要影响。为了适应其空间热控应用需求,提出一种以多层金属丝网填充的储液器,搭建可视化实验平台对不同工质的毛细流动过程与储液器性能进行了实验研究。结果表明:储液器内部丝网结构对多种工质具有较好的毛细储存和补偿输运功能。通过建立多孔介质毛细上升动态方程比较了不同工质在多层丝网内的毛细流动过程,以水为工质相对误差为19.3%,乙醇则为1.7%。当系统压力波动时,储液器可通过与回路进行工质交换减小波动,具备向回路进行液体补偿的能力。

     

    Abstract: The mechanically pumped two-phase fluid loop (MPTL) is a thermal management system with high heat transportation capacity and precise temperature control. The accumulator, a key component of MPTL, regulates the system performance through its capillary structure. This study proposes a novel accumulator using multilayer metal wire mesh to capture, store, and transport liquid within the loop. Metal wire meshes offer high porosity for capillary-driven liquid flow and maintain structural integrity during thermal cycling with assembly stress. The capillary porosity can be flexibly tailored through the composite layering of meshes with different mesh numbers. The specially designed mesh stacking configuration creates vapor retention space, which facilitates gas-liquid separation of the incoming fluid. Theoretical analyses show that 300-mesh wire screens with optimized porosity provide sufficient pumping capability. Their high surface-area-to-volume ratio and low flow resistance ensure excellent mass transfer efficiency, making them ideal capillary structures. An experimental platform with a visible accumulator prototype is established to investigate the capillary flow characteristics of different working fluids and evaluate accumulator performance. Experimental results show that the wire mesh structure effectively enables capillary transport for both working fluids, with the climbing velocity governed by fluid properties such as surface tension, viscousity, and density. The developed dynamic capillary rise model, which accounts for the inertial effects of the flow, describes the capillary action within the multilayer wire mesh. Relative errors between model simulations and experimental data are 19.3% for water and 1.7% for ethanol. Moreover, when the system operation state varies, the accumulator effectively suppresses pressure oscillations by supplying capillary-driven fluid compensation to the loop.

     

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