合成双射流的相干结构演化与卷吸效应:长宽比的影响

Coherent structure evolution and entrainment mechanism of dual synthetic jets: effect of aspect ratio

  • 摘要: 流动控制是一种通过重构流体流动特性优化系统性能的工程技术,可显著提升流场品质和调控稳定性。合成双射流作为最具潜力的主动流动控制技术之一,能高效卷吸环境流体,在流动控制中得到广泛应用。本研究通过高频PIV系统测量了工作频率fA = 650 Hz,长宽比RAR = 4.43, 10.00 和15.63的瞬时流场。分析了长宽比对合成双射流相干结构演化的影响机制,探讨了不同长宽比下合成双射流的速度剖面特征及其卷吸机制。结果表明,在射流口面积相同的条件下,增大长宽比会降低合成双射流速度,增强短轴平面中内侧初级漩涡演化轨迹的涡量,削弱其外侧初级漩涡演化轨迹的涡量。此外,短轴平面内初级漩涡的涡量随着长宽比增大逐渐减弱,长宽比RAR = 4.43的初级漩涡的涡量最强,但在演化过程中迅速破碎为小尺度漩涡,射流呈完全的湍流状态;而RAR = 10.00与15.63的初级漩涡能较好的维持自身形态,流场中小尺度漩涡的强度与数量显著降低。受轴切换行为影响,长轴平面内的漩涡演化轨迹先收缩后扩张,雷诺切应力周期分量的正/负值区域与短轴平面截然相反,体现了合成双射流卷吸作用的三维效应。短轴平面速度剖面呈双峰分布,随射流发展逐渐融合为单峰。长轴平面速度剖面在射流口处存在波峰与波谷,体现了气流吹出/吸入的不对称性,揭示了“零质量射流”的形成机理。

     

    Abstract: Flow control is an engineering technique that optimizes system performance by altering or directing fluid flow characteristics, and it has gradually become an important means of improving flow field quality. As one of the most promising active flow control technologies, dual synthetic jets (DSJ) efficiently entrain ambient fluids and are widely used in flow control. In this study, the instantaneous flow fields of DSJ with aspect ratios RAR = 4.43, 10.00, and 15.63 at an operating frequency fA = 650 Hz were measured using a high-frequency PIV system. The influence mechanism of the aspect ratio on the evolution of coherent structures in DSJ was analysed, and the characteristics of velocity profiles and entrainment mechanisms under different aspect ratios were investigated. The results indicate that increasing the aspect ratio reduces the velocity of DSJ, while enhancing the vorticity of the inner primary vortex evolution trajectory and weakening that of the outer primary vortex evolution trajectory in the minor-axis plane. Moreover, the vorticity of the primary vortices in the minor-axis plane gradually weakens with increasing aspect ratio, which exhibits the strongest vorticity but rapidly breaks down into small-scale vortices during evolution at RAR = 4.43. In contrast, the primary vortices at RAR = 10.00 and 15.63 in the minor-axis plane maintain their structures better, with significantly reduced intensity and number of small-scale vortices. Influenced by axis-switching behaviour, the vortex evolution trajectory in the major-axis plane first contracts and then expands. The spatial distribution of the periodic component of the time-averaged Reynolds shear stress in the major-axis plane shows positive/negative value regions opposite to those in the minor-axis plane, reflecting the three-dimensional effect of DSJ on the entrainment of ambient fluid. The velocity profile in the minor-axis plane exhibits a bimodal distribution. Increasing the aspect ratio accelerates the decay of the streamwise velocity. In the major-axis plane, the velocity profile exhibits peaks and troughs near the jet orifice, reflecting the asymmetry of blowing/suction, and revealing the formation mechanism of zero-net mass-flux jets.

     

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