大型水轮发电机通风特性的数值模拟研究

Numerical simulation on ventilation system of hydro-generator

  • 摘要: 采用多重参考坐标系方法、多孔介质模型和并行计算方法求解三维平均NS方程和RNG k-ε方程,对某一大型水轮发电机双路径向无风扇通风系统的流场进行了数值模拟,分析了通风系统中各部件的流动特性及其对发电机整体通风风量的影响。为了给有限元热应力分析提供合理的壁面换热系数,严格控制了第一层壁面网格的厚度,使其y+值在30~100之间。研究表明:由于上、下回路中的气流流经线棒端部的流量较少,采用固定磁极盖板或旋转磁极盖板及磁极盖板有无泄露间隙将直接影响线棒端部的散热,有泄露间隙的旋转磁极盖板形成具有旋转速度的“气墙”,在“气墙”的诱导下,在内侧线棒端部周围形成回流区,并诱导经冷却器冷却后的气流从外侧线棒端部进入该回流区,改善了内侧线棒端部表面的散热性能;由于受磁极旋转效应的影响,整个通风流道内的主要通风耗损来自于定子通风槽入口处的流动损失,定子通风槽内形成迎风区和背风区,背风区内易产生回流区,迎风区内的换热系数高于背风区内的换热系数。研究结果为大型水轮发电机通风流道的优化设计提供依据。

     

    Abstract: The flow of dual radial ventilation system without fan for a hydrogenerator was simulated with parallel computing CFD code. The multiple implicit rotating frame (MRF) method and porous media model were used, averaged 3D NavierStokes (NS) equations and RNG kε equations were solved. The flow characteristic of different parts was analyzed. In order to get accurate heat transfer coefficients of the wall for thermal stress analysis with finite element method, the heights of the fist meshes near the wall were controlled strictly and the values of y+ were controlled between 30 and 100. Because the flow flux to cool the end of stator bars is small, the style of cover of pole ( static or rotating) and the leakage gaps between poles and stators will impact the cooling of stator bars. The rotating cover with leakage gaps is the best style for the cooling of stator bars. The flow from leakage gaps between poles and stators forms “air wall” with rotating velocity, which generates a recirculating zone between internal stator bars and induces the air from cooler into the zone, the heat transfer coefficient of internal stator bars is higher than the one of external stator bars. The heat transfer coefficient of internal stator bars is reduced after removing the leakage gaps. Due to rotational effects of the poles, the main ventilation loss is generated at the entrance of stator ventilation slots, the windward and leeward zones are formed around stator bars and recirculating zones are easy to be formed in leeward zones. The heat transfer coefficient in windward zones is higher than the one in leeward zones. The research is helpful for the optimization of the ventilation system design.

     

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