Abstract: The combined thermal phenomena of long endurance hypersonic vehicles, which are a series of multi-factor coupling phenomena resulted from the structural thermal response under the aerodynamic heating, are reviewed and prospected in this paper. The multi-factor phenomena are concerned with aerodynamic force/heating, thermal response of the vehicle structure, flight-orbit/control. As the relevancy of the heating to the temperature of the vehicle is analyzed, the characteristics of the steady temperature distribution are still significant to the thermal safety of the structure when the flight is on the long-time cruise. And the experimental method, that the aerodynamic heating is simulated by infrared radiation, is introduced for the heating test in large area structure. Based on the discussion about the combined thermal phenomena under long-time-heating, the systemic effects of thermal deformation on the configuration optimization and flight-orbit/flight-control design are suggested to be taken into account; some technical issues are proposed in the coupling experiment of thermal protection; and the geometrical and physical multi-scale analysis are discussed in the thermal management of the long endurance vehicles.