风能利用中的空气动力学研究进展Ⅰ：风力机气动特性

王同光; 田琳琳; 钟伟; 王珑; 朱呈勇

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2021.0114

风能利用中的空气动力学研究进展Ⅰ：风力机气动特性

doi: 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2021.0114

王同光^1,,
田琳琳^1,,
钟伟^1,,
王珑^1,,
朱呈勇^{1, 2}

1.
南京航空航天大学江苏省风力机设计高技术研究重点实验室，南京　210016
2.
南京理工大学新能源学院，江阴　214443

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2019YFE0192600，2019YFB1503700）；国家自然科学基金青年科学基金（11802122）

详细信息

作者简介:
王同光^*（1962-），男，山东蓬莱人，教授，研究方向：风力机空气动力学. E-mail：tgwang@nuaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: TM315
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- 文章访问数: 850
- HTML全文浏览量: 252
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-29
- 修回日期: 2021-10-12
- 录用日期: 2021-11-17
- 网络出版日期: 2021-11-30
- 刊出日期: 2022-08-10

Aerodynamic research progress in wind energy Ⅰ: Wind turbine aerodynamic characteristics

1.
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hi-Tech Research for Wind Turbine Design, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing　210016, China
2.
School of New Energy, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Jiangyin　214443, China

摘要

摘要: 随着世界各国纲领性行业政策的积极制定，风电行业将继续高速发展。风电机组大型化（达到多兆瓦级甚至十兆瓦级）、海洋化（从陆地扩展至海上）、智能化（辅以智能化结构、材料和控制策略）、数字化（精准预测和实时感知调控）是风电发展的大趋势。空气动力学研究作为风力机技术研发的首要任务，由此将面临一系列新的问题和挑战。本文以水平轴风力机为研究对象，就其风能利用中的空气动力学问题进行探讨，本篇为第一部分“风力机气动特性”。首先分析其空气动力学问题的复杂性及原因；然后，针对风力机专用翼型的气动特性、风力机气动特性、现代化风力机设计（特别是海上风电技术、台风问题、大叶片气弹问题）与流动控制等关键空气动力学问题，从理论分析、数值计算、风洞实验和外场测量等多种研究手段与技术着手，对其研究现状及取得的关键进展进行综述和讨论；最后对今后的研究方向进行分析与展望，为大尺寸风力机叶片设计提供参考。
- 风能 /
- 水平轴风力机 /
- 风力机翼型 /
- 空气动力学 /
- 风力机设计 /
- 研究进展
Abstract: With the establishment of national policies around the world, the development of wind industry has been entering its heyday. Wind turbine systems are continuously upsized from megawatt level to multi-megawatt class, deployed for both onshore wind power and offshore wind power in diverse sea conditions, intelligentized with smart materials, structures and control strategies, and digitized with precise prediction and state-aware control system. These mainstream trends for wind energy development, in the meanwhile, raise tremendous challenging issues for wind energy research and development. Among them, wind turbine aerodynamics will face new problems and great challenges. As the first review of a sucessive work, this study is mainly focused on the aerodynamics of horizontal-axis wind turbines. An explanation for the aerodynamic complexity is addressed at first. Then, research progress on key aerodynamics issues, such as the aerodynamic characteristics of wind turbine airfoils and blades, as well as modern wind turbine design (special focus is put on the offshore wind power technology and the inevitable typhoon phenomenon, together with the experienced aeroelastic problem caused by the increasement in wind turbine size) and new flow control strategies are discussed. In this process, recent theoretical, experimental, and numerical studies that have contributed to improve our understanding of wind turbine aerodynamic performance, such as aerodynamic forces, flow fields and flow mechanism, are summarized. Additionally, the strength and limitation of these research approaches are discussed. Possible future research trend is analyzed and prospected, providing some references for large-scale wind turbine blade design.
- wind energy /
- horizontal-axis wind turbine /
- wind turbine airfoil /
- aerodynamics /
- wind turbine design /
- research progress

HTML全文

图 1 白天和晚上的陆上大气边界层结构及湍流风示意图

Figure 1. Schematic of the onshore atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) structures during the day and night as well as the evolution of the turbulent wind

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图 2 偏航条件下NREL Phase VI叶片三维旋转效应和动态失速的耦合作用示意图（基于DDES方法模拟）^[5]

Figure 2. Schematic of coupling between the three-dimensional rotational effect and the dynamic stall under yaw conditions for the NREL Phase VI blade (based on the DDES turbulence model)^[5]

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图 3 大变形叶片周围的流场云图（基于CFD的气动弹性模拟） ^[6]

Figure 3. Flow contour around a largely deformed blade (CFD-based aeroelastic modelling)^[6]

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图 4 水平轴风力机对翼型的要求（根据文献[9]重绘）

Figure 4. Design goals of horizontal-axis wind turbine airfoils (adapted from reference [9])

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图 5 水平轴风力机叶片几何构型和单个叶素的当地入流与气动力示意图^[39]

Figure 5. Schematic of the horizontal-axis blade geometry and the local inflow and aerodynamic forces of blade elements^[39]

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图 6 风力机SCADA数据和叶片设计的功率曲线对比

Figure 6. Wind turbine’s power curve comparison between the measured SCADA data and the theoretical design

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图 7 叶片气动特性^[41]

Figure 7. Blade aerodynamic characteristics^[41]

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图 8 水平轴风力机叶片PIV风洞实验的流动显示结果（叶尖速比为3）^[49]

Figure 8. Flow visualisation of the PIV measured windtunnel experimental data for the horizontal-axis turbine (tip speed ratio TSR = 3)^[49]

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图 9 基于动态失速模型预测到的NREL S809翼型升力系数迟滞环与实验值对比（8°±10° ， k = 0.078）^[5]

Figure 9. Comparison between the lift force curve obtained with dynamic stall models and experimental measurement for the NREL S809 airfoil (8°±10°, k = 0.078))^[5]

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图 10 自由涡尾迹方法的尾迹离散示意图^[56]

Figure 10. Layout of the free-wake modelling of a blade^[56]

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图 11 新一期MEXICO风力机实验：不同计算方法（包含VWM、BEM、CFD）得到的切向力随径向位置分布^[86]

Figure 11. New MEXICO wind turbine experiment: tangential force along the radial direction for different computational methods (including VWM, BEM and CFD)^[86]

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图 12 IEA 任务14/18中的外场实验图（采用探针测量入流角）^[86]

Figure 12. IEA Task 14/18 facility with probes^[86]

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图 13 MEXICO风力机尾涡结构^[96]

Figure 13. Vortex structures in the wake region of the MEXICO turbine^[96]

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图 14 台风“黑格比”（0822）全过程风速场模拟^[101]

Figure 14. Typhoon “Hagupit” (0822) full-track simulation^[101]

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图 15 风力机的气动弹性建模与模拟策略示意图^[39]

Figure 15. Schematic of the wind turbine aeroelastic modelling stretagy^[39]

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图 16 基于摆动尾缘襟翼的智能叶片示意图^[124]

Figure 16. Smart blade with flapping trailing edges^[124]

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图 17 各种不同类型的风力机仿生叶片设计

Figure 17. Various types of biomimetic wind turbine blade design

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