飞行器操纵面嗡鸣风洞试验技术综述

闫昱; 路波; 杨兴华; 郭洪涛; 余立

doi:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2021.0303

飞行器操纵面嗡鸣风洞试验技术综述

doi: 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2021.0303

中国空气动力研究与发展中心高速空气动力研究所，绵阳　621000

详细信息

作者简介:
闫昱（1985-），河南新郑人，硕士，副研究员，研究方向：气动弹性风洞试验技术. E-mail：aeroelastics@126.com

通讯作者:
余立^*（1975-），安徽肥东人，硕士，研究员，研究方向：空气动力学. E-mail：yuli@cardc.cn

中图分类号: V211.71；V216.2⁺4
计量
- 文章访问数: 419
- HTML全文浏览量: 118
- PDF下载量: 77
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-28
- 修回日期: 2021-12-29
- 录用日期: 2022-01-05
- 网络出版日期: 2022-02-15
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-07

Review on buzz wind tunnel test technology for aircraft control surfaces

High Speed Aerodynamics Institute of China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang　621000, China

摘要

摘要: 操纵面嗡鸣是飞行器跨声速飞行时发生的气动弹性动不稳定现象。嗡鸣的发生，轻则降低飞行器操纵面效率，重则导致灾难性的飞行事故，是除颤振外飞行器设计部门重点关注的气动弹性难题。操纵面嗡鸣涉及激波与边界层的相互作用，目前尚没有准确预测嗡鸣的计算方法，通常采用风洞试验来获取相关数据。操纵面嗡鸣风洞试验可以利用风洞再现嗡鸣现象，研究嗡鸣特性，是飞行器研制阶段检验操纵面防嗡鸣设计最行之有效的手段。本文回顾了国内外操纵面嗡鸣风洞试验研究现状，梳理了操纵面嗡鸣的发生机理、触发条件及分型依据，对操纵面嗡鸣试验风洞选取、模型设计、试验方法提供了建议，对颤振试验中可能出现的嗡鸣问题提供了判别方法，对后续的工作进行了展望。
- 嗡鸣 /
- 操纵面 /
- 风洞试验 /
- 颤振 /
- 气动弹性
Abstract: Control surface buzz of the aircraft is an aeroelastic instability phenomenon during the transonic flight. The occurrence of buzz can reduce the efficiency of aircraft control surfaces, and even cause disastrous flight accidents. Therefore, the buzz phenomenon is another difficult aeroelastic problem that the aircraft design department focuses on in addition to the flutter. Control surface buzz is related to the interaction between the shock wave and the boundary layer, and there is no accurate calculation method to obtain the buzz characteristics, thus the wind tunnel test is usually used to acquire relevant data. The buzz wind tunnel test can be used to reproduce the buzz phenomenon and study its characteristics, which is the most effective method to verify the anti-buzz design in the aircraft development stage. In the present study, we review previous studies of buzz wind tunnel tests. The occurrence mechanism, triggering conditions and control surface buzz classification are sorted out. Feasible suggestions for suitable wind tunnel selection, model design and test methods of buzz wind tunnel test are provided, and effective methods to distinguish the buzz phenomenon during the flutter test are discussed. The follow-up work is presented in the end.
- buzz /
- control surface /
- wind tunnel test /
- flutter /
- aeroelastic

HTML全文

图 1 嗡鸣导致某飞机方向舵损毁^[7]

Figure 1. Buzz caused damage to the rudder^[7]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 P80飞机副翼嗡鸣风洞试验^[12]

Figure 2. Buzz wind tunnel test of the P80 aileron^[12]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 NASP机翼嗡鸣风洞试验^[13]

Figure 3. Buzz wind tunnel test of the NASP wing^[13]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 F/A-22垂尾嗡鸣风洞试验^[8]

Figure 4. Buzz wind tunnel test of the F/A-22 rudder^[8]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 超声速客机副翼嗡鸣试验^[14]

Figure 5. Buzz wind tunnel test of the SST aileron^[14]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 操纵面嗡鸣分类^[17]

Figure 6. Classification of the control surface buzz^[17]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 FL-26风洞速压范围^[33]

Figure 7. Dynamic pressure range of the FL-26 wind tunnel^[33]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 操纵面嗡鸣试验模型设计流程

Figure 8. Flow chart of the model design of the buzz wind tunnel test

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 某飞机平尾颤振模型^[35]

Figure 9. Flutter model of the horizontal tail of an aircraft^[35]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 PSP技术应用于抖振试验^[41]

Figure 10. Application of the PSP technique in the buffeting test^[41]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参考文献(41)

[1]	张伟伟, 高传强, 叶正寅. 复杂跨声速气动弹性现象及其机理分析[J]. 科学通报, 2018, 63(12): 1095-1110. doi: 10.1360/N972018-00151 ZHANG W W, GAO C Q, YE Z Y. The complex transonic aeroelastic phenomena and it's mechanisms[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2018, 63(12): 1095-1110. (in Chinese) doi: 10.1360/N972018-00151
[2]	王发祥. 高速风洞试验[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2003: 437.
[3]	STEGER J L, BAILEY H E. Calculation of transonic aileron buzz[J]. AIAA Journal, 1980, 18(3): 249-255. DOI: 10.2514/3.50756
[4]	BENDIKSEN O. Nonclassical aileron buzz in transonic flow[C]//34th AIAA, ASME, ASCE, AHS, and ASC, Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. AIAA and ASME, Adaptive Structures Forum. La Jolla, CA, 1993: 19-22. AIAA-93-1479. doi: 10.2514/6.1993-1479
[5]	FUGLSANG D, BRASE L, AGRAWAL S. A numerical study of control surface buzz using computational fluid dynamic methods[C]//10th Applied Aerodynamics Conference, Palo Alto, CA, USA. Reston, Virigina: AIAA, 1992. AIAA-92-2654. doi: 10.2514/6.1992-2654
[6]	HUTTSELL L, SCHUSTER D, VOLK J, et al. Evaluation of computational aeroelasticity codes for loads and flutter[C]//39th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, NV, USA. Reston, Virigina: AIAA, 2001. AIAA-01-0569. doi: 10.2514/6.2001-569
[7]	史爱明, 杨永年, 叶正寅. 跨音速单自由度非线性颤振: 嗡鸣的数值分析[J]. 西北工业大学学报, 2004, 22(4): 525-528. SHI A M, YANG Y N, YE Z Y. Investigation of control surface buzz in transonic flow[J]. Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 2004, 22(4): 525-528. (in Chinese)
[8]	ANDERSON W, MORTARA S. F-22 aeroelastic design and test validation[C]//48th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii. Reston, Virigina: AIAA, 2007. AIAA 2007-1764. doi: 10.2514/6.2007-1764
[9]	邓俊艳, 周伟, 易军, 等. 操纵面嗡鸣工程判别及预防[C]//第十六届全国空气弹性学术交流会会议, 2019: 624-625.
[10]	杨超, 主编. 飞行器气动弹性原理[M]. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2011: 123.
[11]	李周复, 主编. 风洞特种试验技术[M]. 北京: 航空工业出版社, 2010: 201-207.
[12]	ERICKSON A L, STEPHENSON J D. A suggested me-thod of analyzing for transonic flutter of control surfaces based on available experimental evidence [R]. NACA-RM-A7F30, 1947. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19930085716/downloads/19930085716.pdf
[13]	PARKER E, SPAIN C, SOISTMANN D. Aileron buzz investigated on several generic NASP wing configurations[C]//32nd Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, Baltimore, MD, USA. Reston, Virigina: AIAA, 1991. AIAA-91-0936-CP. doi: 10.2514/6.1991-936
[14]	SAITON K, TAMAYAMA M, KIKUCHI T, et al. An aileron flutter experiment and analysis using Semi-Span model for the small supersonic experimental aircraft[C]//Japan Society of Aeronautical Space Sciences, 2012, 60: 108-113. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjsass/60/2/60_2_108/_pdf/-char/en doi: 10.2322/jjsass.60.108
[15]	PHILLIPS W H, ADAMS J J. Low-speed tests of a model simulating the phenomenon of control-surface buzz[R]. NACA-RM-L50F19, 1950. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19930087842/downloads/19930087842.pdf
[16]	HENNING A B. Results of a rocket-model investiga-tion of control-surface buzz and flutter on a 4-percent-thick unswept wing and on 6-, 9-, and 12-percent-thick swept wings at transonic speeds[C]. NACA-RM-L53I29, 1953. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19930089146/downloads/19930089146.pdf
[17]	LAMBOURNE N C. Control-surface buzz[R]. ARC/R&M-3364, 1963. https://naca.central.cranfield.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1826.2/3947/arc-rm-3364.pdf?sequence = 1&isAllowed = y
[18]	NAKAMURA Y. Some contributions on a control-surface buzz at high subsonic speeds[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 1968, 5(2): 118-125. DOI: 10.2514/3.43918
[19]	代捷, 刘千刚. 跨声速操纵面嗡鸣的数值研究[J]. 空气动力学学报, 1997, 15(3): 366-371. DAI J, LIU Q G. Calculation of transonic control surface buzz[J]. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, 1997, 15(3): 366-371. (in Chinese)
[20]	刘千刚, 代捷, 白俊强. 跨音速操纵面嗡鸣Hopf分叉分析及结构参数对嗡鸣特性影响的研究[J]. 航空学报, 1999, 20(6): 527-532. LIU Q G, DAI J, BAI J Q. Hopf bifurcation analysis of transonic control surface buzz and investigation of the influence of structural parameters on buzz characteristics[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 1999, 20(6): 527-532. (in Chinese)
[21]	YANG G W, OBAYASHI S, NAKAMICHI J. Aileron buzz simulation using an implicit multiblock aeroelastic solver[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 2003, 40(3): 580-589. DOI: 10.2514/2.3134
[22]	史爱明, 杨永年, 叶正寅. 跨音速三维操纵面嗡鸣数值方法研究[J]. 西北工业大学学报, 2006, 24(5): 537-540. SHI A M, YANG Y N, YE Z Y. Relatively accurate calculation of 3-D control surface buzz in transonic flow[J]. Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 2006, 24(5): 537-540 (in Chinese).
[23]	张伟伟, 叶正寅, 史爱明, 等. 基于Euler方程的B型和C型嗡鸣特性数值研究[J]. 振动工程学报, 2005, 18(4): 458-464. ZHANG W W, YE Z Y, SHI A M, et al. Numerical analysis for B-type buzz and C-type buzz basing on Euler codes[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2005, 18(4): 458-464. (in Chinese)
[24]	许军, 马晓平. 飞翼无人机嗡鸣气动弹性响应分析[J]. 西北工业大学学报, 2015, 33(4): 588-595. XU J, MA X P. Buzz aeroelastic responses analysis for a flying wing UAV[J]. Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 2015, 33(4): 588-595. (in Chinese)
[25]	XU J, MA X P. Transonic rudder buzz investigated on a tailless flying wing UAV[J]. Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, 2015, 32(1): 61-69. doi: 10.16356/j.1005-1120.2015.01.061
[26]	许军, 马晓平. 考虑气动结构耦合的飞翼无人机嗡鸣振动[J]. 空军工程大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 17(3): 6-10. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-3516.2016.03.002 XU J, MA X P. Research on flying wing UAV buzz vibration considering the aerodynamic structural coupling effects[J]. Journal of Air Force Engineering University (Natural Science Edition), 2016, 17(3): 6-10. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-3516.2016.03.002
[27]	贺顺. 机翼跨音速非线性颤振研究[D]. 西安: 西北工业大学, 2017: 27-49. HE S. Study on wing nonlinear flutter in transonic flow[D]. Xi'an: Northwestern Polytechnical University, 2017: 27-49 (in Chinese).
[28]	HE S, YANG Z C, GU Y S. Limit cycle oscillation behavior of transonic control surface buzz considering free-play nonlinearity[J]. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 2016, 61: 431-449. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2015.11.014
[29]	GAO C Q, ZHANG W W, YE Z Y. A new viewpoint on the mechanism of transonic single-degree-of-freedom flutter[J]. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2016, 52: 144-156. DOI: 10.1016/j.ast.2016.02.029
[30]	高传强, 张伟伟. 跨声速嗡鸣诱发机理及其失稳参数研究[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2019, 37(1): 99-106. doi: 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2018.0204 GAO C Q, ZHANG W W. Study on the mechansim and instability parameters of transonic buzz[J]. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, 2019, 37(1): 99-106. (in Chinese) doi: 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2018.0204
[31]	申超峰. 某飞机方向舵振动试验报告[R]. 绵阳: 中国空气动力研究与发展中心, 1974.
[32]	陈忠实. 某飞机方向舵嗡鸣试验报告[R]. 绵阳: 中国空气动力研究与发展中心, 1977.
[33]	寇西平. 大展弦比机翼高速静气动弹性模型设计研究[D]. 绵阳: 中国空气动力研究与发展中心, 2013: 44. KOU X P. Research on high speed static aeroelastic model design of high-aspect-ratio wing[D]. Mianyang: CARDC, 2013: 44 (in Chinese).
[34]	罗务揆, 谭申刚, 谢怀强, 等. 确定颤振模型设计参数的方法研究[J]. 航空学报, 2013, 34(10): 2383-2390. doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2013.0076 LUO W K, TAN S G, XIE H Q, et al. Research on methods used to determine flutter model design factors[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2013, 34(10): 2383-2390. (in Chinese) doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2013.0076
[35]	钱卫, 张桂江, 刘钟坤. 飞机全动平尾颤振特性风洞试验[J]. 航空学报, 2015, 36(4): 1093-1102. doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2014.0250 QIAN W, ZHANG G J, LIU Z K. Flutter characteristics for aircraft all-movable horizontal tail through wind tunnel test[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2015, 36(4): 1093-1102. (in Chinese) doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2014.0250
[36]	孙亚军, 梁技, 杨飞, 等. 超临界机翼跨音速颤振风洞试验研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2014, 33(4): 190-194. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3835.2014.04.034 SUN Y J, LIANG J, YANG F, et al. Transonic flutter wind tunnel tests for an aircraft with a supercritical wing[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2014, 33(4): 190-194. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3835.2014.04.034
[37]	冉玉国, 李秋彦, 杨兴华. 静不安定飞机缩比模型跨声速颤振试验技术[J]. 四川理工学院学报(自然科学版), 2017, 30(1): 49-54. doi: 10.11863/j.suse.2017.01.09 RAN Y G, LI Q Y, YANG X H. Review of transonic flutter test techniques for statically unstable aircraft scaled model[J]. Journal of Sichuan University of Science & Engineering (Natural Science Edition), 2017, 30(1): 49-54. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11863/j.suse.2017.01.09
[38]	RIVERA J A, FLORANCE J R. Contributions of transonic dynamic tunnel testing to airplane flutter clearance[R]. AIAA 2000-1768, 2000. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20000037720/downloads/20000037720.pdf
[39]	杨祖清, 主编. 流动显示技术[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2002: 101-131.
[40]	高丽敏, 吴亚楠, 胡小全, 等. 基于光强的快速响应PSP动态测量技术及其应用[J]. 航空学报, 2014, 35(3): 607-623. doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2013.0532 GAO L M, WU Y N, HU X Q, et al. Intensity-based fast response PSP technique and its applications[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2014, 35(3): 607-623. (in Chinese) doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2013.0532
[41]	MERIENNE M C, LE SANT Y, LEBRUN F, et al. Transonic buffeting investigation using unsteady pressure-sensitive paint in a large wind tunnel[C]//51st AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition, Grapevine (Dallas/Ft. Worth Region), Texas. Reston, Virginia: AIAA, 2013. doi: 10.2514/6.2013-1136