Wind tunnel test on suppressing vortex-induced vibrations of steel tubes in power transmission towers
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摘要: 为了深入研究输电塔钢管的涡激振动特性，对安装不同设计参数扰流板的输电塔钢管进行了风洞试验。验证了输电塔钢管涡激振动临界风速和最大振幅的预测公式，并得到了扰流板外形、间距、长度、肋高等参数对输电塔钢管涡激振动抑振率的影响规律。在此基础上综合考虑材料成本、制作安装成本和抑振效果对不同设计参数下扰流板的抑振性价比进行了评估，最后基于帕累托最优解法选取了考虑成本后的扰流板最优设计方案，研究结果为扰流板设计参数的取值提供参考。Abstract: To investigate the effects of spoilers for mitigating vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of steel tubes in transmission towers, a series of wind tunnel tests on steel tubes with various design parameters of spoilers are carried out. The well established formula for predicting the VIV critical wind speed and the VIV maximum amplitude of steel tubes are verified, and the influence of configuration, spacing, length, and height of spoilers on VIV suppression rate are systematically studied. In addition, the material cost, installation cost and vibration suppression rate are taken into consideration for evaluating the cost performance of the spoiler with different design parameters. And the optimal design plan of the spoiler in considering the cost is selected based on the Pareto optimal solution method. Finally, corresponding suggestions on the value of the spoiler design parameters are given for the best control of vortex-induced vibrations of the steel tubes in transmission towers.
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图 2 基于计算机视觉技术的位移测量
Figure 2. Displacement measurement based on computer vision-based method
图 3 不同型式的扰流板的设计与试验布置
Figure 3. Design and experimental setups of different types of spoilers
图 4 不同风速下钢管的最大位移
Figure 4. Maximum displacement of steel tube under different wind speeds
图 5 钢管试件在临界风速下的位移时程（6 m/s）
Figure 5. Displacement time history of the steel tube at VIV critical wind speed 6 m/s
图 6 不同外形扰流板的抑振率
Figure 6. VIV suppression rate of spoilers with different configurations
表 1 扰流板参数与风洞试验工况
Table 1. Design parameters of spoilers and conditions of wind tunnel test
工况 扰流板
间距/mm扰流板
长度/mm扰流板
肋高/mm扰流板
型式对比因素 0 — — — — 空钢管 1 4D D 0.3D 型式1 外形 2 4D D 0.3D 型式2 3 4D D 0.3D 型式3 4 4D D 0.3D 型式7 5 4D D 0.3D 型式8 2 4D D 0.3D 型式2 间距 6 6D D 0.3D 型式2 7 8D D 0.3D 型式2 7 8D D 0.3D 型式2 长度 8 8D 1.5D 0.3D 型式6 9 8D 2D 0.3D 型式2+型式2 10 8D 2.5D 0.3D 型式2+型式6 11 8D 3D 0.3D 型式6+型式6 2 4D D 0.3D 型式2 肋高 12 4D D 0.6D 型式4 13 4D 1.5D 0.6D 型式5 14 4D 1.5D 0.3D 型式6 
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表 2 钢管涡激振动的预测值与试验值
Table 2. Predicted value and experimental value of VIV
临界风速/(m·s–1) 最大位移
/mm预测值 6.018 0.987 试验值 6.000 0.803
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表 3 不同扰流板间距下的抑振率
Table 3. VIV suppression rate of spoilers with different spacings
工况 扰流板
间距试验值 抑振率 加速度/(m·s–2) 位移/mm 加速度 位移 0 — 5.082 0.370 — — 2 4D 0.100 0.012 98.03% 96.81% 6 6D 0.184 0.016 96.39% 95.74% 7 8D 0.443 0.038 91.29% 89.80%
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表 4 不同扰流板肋高下的抑振率
Table 4. VIV suppression rate of spoilers with different heights
工况 肋高 试验值 抑振率 加速度/(m·s–2) 位移/mm 加速度 位移 0 — 5.082 0.370 — — 2 0.3D 0.100 0.012 98.03% 96.81% 12 0.6D 0.141 0.015 97.23% 95.90% 13 0.6D 0.136 0.014 97.32% 96.10% 14 0.3D 0.605 0.010 88.11% 97.21%
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表 5 扰流板基本信息
Table 5. Basic information of spoilers
方案 工况 型式 个数 总体积/cm3 总质量/g 方案1 2 型式2 10 333.50 2617.9 方案2 6 型式2 6 200.10 1570.8 方案3 7 型式2 6 200.10 1570.8 方案4 8 型式6 4 200.10 1570.8 方案5 9 型式2+型式2 4 266.80 2094.4 方案6 10 型式2+型式6 4 333.50 2617.9 方案7 11 型式6+型式6 4 400.20 3141.5 方案8 12 型式4 10 425.67 3341.5 方案9 13 型式5 8 510.81 4009.8 方案10 14 型式6 8 400.20 3141.5
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表 6 10种方案的成本与效益
Table 6. Costs and benefits of 10 options
方案 材料成本
/元安装成本
/元总成本
/元平均抑振率 方案1 13.09 500 513.09 97.42% 方案2 7.85 300 307.85 96.07% 方案3 7.85 300 307.85 90.55% 方案4 7.85 200 207.85 96.52% 方案5 10.47 400 410.47 96.75% 方案6 13.09 400 413.09 96.95% 方案7 15.71 400 415.71 95.74% 方案8 16.71 500 516.71 96.57% 方案9 20.05 400 420.05 96.71% 方案10 15.71 400 415.71 92.66%
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