基于分离涡模拟的起落架气动噪声研究
Aeroacoustic study of landing gear by detached eddy simulation
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摘要: 用基于SA湍流模式的非定常RANS、分离涡模拟(DES)和延迟分离涡模拟(DDES)分别对四轮基本起落架模型进行了数值模拟,并根据所得的非定常流场计算了表面声压级分布和声压谱。三种方法所用的时间成本大致相同,URANS略低于其它两种,而DDES由于在附着流动区更好地保持RANS特性,故时间成本略低于DES。计算显示,非定常RANS在附着流动区能够得到合理的结果,但不能准确刻画分离流动的流动形态。DES和DDES都能较好地刻画起落架绕流的定常和非定常特性,DDES的结果略好于DES。因为起落架流动属于大分离流动,所以DES也能够得到相对正确的结果。研究结果验证了分离涡模拟在起落架大分离非定常流动预测与噪声预测中的可行性,对减小起落架噪声的方法研究具有一定的意义。Abstract: A four-wheel rudimentary landing gear is studied numerically by unsteady RANS (URANS), detached eddy simulation (DES) and delayed detached eddy simulation (DDES) based on the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model. The surface sound pressure level and sound pressure spectra are calculated using the obtained unsteady flow field. The 3 methods cost approximately the same time, with URANS slightly lower than the other two. DDES uses slightly less time than DES since it retains RANS mode in attached flow region. The investigation shows that URANS can give reasonable results in the attached flow region but cannot describe correctly the flow pattern in the detached flow. Both DES and DDES can describe the steady and unsteady properties in the flow around rudimentary landing gear. DDES is slightly superior over DES, and DES can also give reasonable results since the flow around the landing gear is a massive separated flow. The results prove the feasibility of DES type methods in massive separated unsteady flow field and aerodynamic noise prediction for landing gear, and can be used in the study of landing gear noise reduction.