变参数椭圆剖面的气动和结构特性研究

The research on the aerodynamic and structural characteristics of elliptic cross section of variable parameters

  • 摘要: 采用数值计算方法对亚声速飞行器中常见的外露非升力杆状部件的整流剖面进行了研究, 提出了一类新型的变参数椭圆剖面, 其外形由二次曲线形状参数Rho和最大厚度位置确定。通过进行长细比在1.5至8之间的椭圆剖面、翼型剖面和变参数椭圆剖面的阻力、升力和结构特性对比分析, 表明翼型剖面在长细比大于3时具有最小的阻力和最大的升力线斜率, 进一步降低长细比可能出现负升力线斜率等现象, 阻力也反而增加。标准椭圆阻力最大, 而变参数椭圆剖面即使长细比降低至2仍有较好的阻力升力特性。综合对比表明采用前后Rho值为0.414/0.35的剖面阻力和升力线斜率较低, 结构厚度和截面积相对翼型提高, 作为整流剖面可能具有更好的气动与结构综合效率。

     

    Abstract: The streamlining section of non-lift column shaped component normally observed in some subsonic aircrafts is investigated by numerical method. A new series of variable elliptic section is advanced, which is defined by the conic shape parameter Rho and the maximum thickness position. The comparison of drag, lift and structural property of ellipse section, airfoil section and the new elliptic sections is performed with fineness ratio from 1.5 to 8. The CFD analysis reveals that airfoil section has the minimal drag when fineness ratio is larger than 3, but further decrease of fineness ratio could cause special phenomena such as negative lift slope and drag increase. The elliptic section has the highest drag, while the proposed new section has the intermediate value, which could be further reduced when the shape is closer to an airfoil. It is notable that the elliptic sections with variable parameters could maintain reasonable drag and lift characteristics even for the case when the fineness ratio drops to 2. The airfoil has the highest lift curve slope when fineness ratio is bigger than 3, but is prone to flow separation and rapid change of lift curve slope when the fineness ratio is lowered. On the contrary, the ellipse behaves steadily at low fineness ratio, while the new sections have smaller drag at low fineness ratios. The structure property is evaluated by two parameters: the average section thickness and the cross-section area. With no surprise the ellipse is the best one in structure with its rounded shape and the airfoil behaves the worst, and the new elliptic section lies between the two. By comparing the overall performance, the elliptic section with Rho 0.414/0.35 configuration seems to combine the advantages of both the airfoil and the ellipse, which enables it better aerodynamic fairing section for its enhanced overall aerodynamic-structural property.

     

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