提升两级动叶可调轴流风机性能的叶顶形状数值研究

Numerical investigation of blade tip shape on aerodynamic performance of a two-stage variable-pitch axial fan

  • 摘要: 采取恰当的叶顶形状可以提高轴流风机性能。以某两级动叶可调轴流一次风机为对象,采用Fluent模拟了叶顶具有斜槽或阶梯状结构等5种情形下的风机性能,分析了其内流特征、压力分布和损失特征。结果表明:5种叶顶形状均可有效提高风机性能,提升效果依次为逆流向斜槽、双斜槽、上阶梯叶顶和下阶梯叶顶,而顺流向斜槽仅在小流量下提升性能明显;改进后的叶顶形状均使泄漏流场更加复杂,泄漏涡分布区域及强度明显增大,叶顶间隙内涡量值显著提高,由此降低了叶顶间隙内轴向速度和泄漏流量;其中,逆流向斜槽改善风机性能最为突出,在设计流量下,全压和效率分别提高4.68%和0.94%;考虑到当前燃煤机组低排放改造后增大的烟风阻力和风量需求,逆流向斜槽叶顶是最佳选择。

     

    Abstract: Appropriate shape of rotor blade tip is of great importance to the axial fan performance. By considering a two-stage variable-pitch axial fan as an example, Fluent is used to simulate the performance of the fan under five different blade tip shapes. The internal dynamics, the pressure distribution, and the loss characteristics are analyzed in the present paper. Simulation results show that the five different blade tip shapes can improve the fan performance. The countercurrent-flow-grooved blade tip has the highest improvement in performance, followed by the double grooved blade tip, the up-step blade tip, and the down-step blade tip, while the current-flow-grooved blade tip only improves fan performance in relatively low flow rates. Due to the improvement of the blade tip shapes, the internal dynamics tends to be more complex. The improvement enhances the vorticity intensity and enlarges the domain of the leakage vortex, resulting in the appreciable reductions of the axial velocity and the leakage flow in the tip clearance. The total pressure and the efficiency are, respectively, improved by 4.68% and 0.94% for the countercurrent-flow-grooved blade tip at the design flow rate. In consideration of the current requirements of ultra-low emission renovation in coal-fired power plants, the blade tip with countercurrent-flow-groove is the best choice for the axial flow fan.

     

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