混合式风电塔架风荷载特性及风致响应研究

Wind load and wind-induced response of hybrid wind turbine towers

  • 摘要: 上部圆筒、下部格构式的混合式风电塔架是一种极具潜力的新型抗风结构,但目前其抗风性能还尚未彻底明晰,相关研究较少。通过高频测力天平风洞试验,测量了两种不同高度比(格构与圆筒高度的比值)的混合式塔架刚性模型在不同风向角下的风荷载,分析其风荷载特性。基于线性振型假定和振型分解法计算了两种塔架在设计风速下的风致响应,分析了风向角及塔架形式对风致响应的影响。结果表明:两种塔架的平均阻力系数随风向角的变化规律一致,在30°或45°风向角下取得较大值,约为1.4;相较于高度比较小的塔架,高度比较大的塔架阻力系数、升力系数均方根、响应均更小,其合位移、合加速度响应是前者的66%~87%;两种塔架的阻力均小于对应的圆筒式塔架,风致动态响应在45°风向角时达到最大。本文研究为实际工程应用中的塔架结构选型提供了参考。

     

    Abstract: The hybrid wind turbine tower with an upper cylindrical section and a lower lattice structure is a promising novel wind resistant structure. However, the wind resistance performance of this type of structure is not yet fully understood, and there is limited correlational research. In this study, high-frequency force balance wind tunnel tests were conducted to measure the wind loads on rigid models of two hybrid tower configurations with different height ratios (the ratio of the height of the lattice part to that of the cylindrical part), under various wind directions, and the wind load characteristics of the towers were analyzed. The linear mode assumption and modal analysis method were then used to calculate the wind-induced responses of both towers at the design wind speed, and the effects of wind direction and tower configuration on the wind responses were evaluated. The results show that, the mean drag coefficients of both towers show consistent patterns with changes in the wind direction, reaching a relatively high value around 1.4 at wind angles of 30° or 45°. Compared to the tower with a smaller height ratio, the one with a larger height ratio exhibits smaller root-mean-square values for both drag and lift coefficients, as well as smaller response, whose resultant displacement and acceleration are approximately 66%~87% of those of the former. The mean drag forces of both hybrid towers are lower than that of the corresponding cylindrical tower. The wind-induced dynamic response of both towers reaches the maximum value at a wind angle of 45°. This paper provides valuable insights for selecting structural configurations in practical engineering applications.

     

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